IN THE HIGH COURT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR AND LADAKH AT JAMMU
JAVED IQBAL WANI, J.
The Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd., Through Drub Raj Sharma - Appellant
Versus
Golden Globe Impex Private Limited, Through its Managing Director/Director and Ors. - Respondents
CM(M) No. 35 of 2022, CM No. 2474 of 2022
Decided On : 13-03-2024
Attachment before Judgment - Recovery Suit - Order 38 Rule 5 - [Section 136, Order 38 Rule 5, Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure] - The court discussed the provisions of Order 38 Rule 5 and its primary objective to prevent the defendant from obstructing or delaying the execution of a decree. The court referred to the principles laid down by the Apex Court in the cases of 'Sardar Govindrao Mahadik & Anr. Vs Devi Sahai & Ors.' and 'Raman Tech & Process Engg. Co. & Anr. Vs Solanki Traders' to emphasize the stringent nature of the provision and the need for its strict interpretation. The court found the application speculative and lacking substantial credible material, leading to the dismissal of the petition.
Fact of the Case:
The Jammu & Kashmir Bank filed a suit for recovery of a loan amount against a company and its directors. The bank sought attachment before judgment of a residential property owned by the directors. The trial court dismissed the bank's application for attachment before judgment.
Finding of the Court:
The court found the application speculative and lacking substantial credible material, leading to the dismissal of the petition.
Issues: The main issue was whether the bank's application for attachment before judgment under Order 38 Rule 5 was justified.
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the stringent nature of Order 38 Rule 5 and the need for its strict interpretation. It found the application speculative and lacking substantial credible material, leading to the dismissal of the petition.
Final Decision: The petition for quashment of the trial court's order was dismissed.
ORDER :
1. Supervisory Jurisdiction of this Court is being invoked by the Jammu & Kashmir Bank the petitioner herein (for short “the Bank”) seeking quashment of order dated 03.03.2022 passed by the court of Additional District Judge (Commercial Court), Jammu (for short “the trial court”).
2. Facts emerging from the record would reveal that the petitioner herein being plaintiff filed a suit against the respondents herein for recovery of an amount of Rs. 21,23,99,541.48/- on the premise that the defendant 1 being a Company and defendants 2 and 3 its Directors being respondents herein availed a loan/cash credit facility from the Bank and in furtherance thereof executed multiple documents including personal guarantee for repayment of the loan as also hypothecated the Company’s assets including the plant and machinery (present and future), stocks and book debts with the bank as well as mortgaged the immovable properties standing in the name of defendant 2 as a security for the payment of the said loan amount.
It also came to be stated in the plaint by the bank that the defendants-respondents herein availed the loan/cash credit facility as per the terms and conditions jointly and severally liable for repayment of the loan amount alongwith the interest.
It also came to be stated in the plaint that the defendants-respondents herein, however, did not abide by the terms and conditions set out for repayment of loan/cash credit facility and defaulted therein and after being advised, asked and reminded number of times to liquidate their outstanding amount, the defendants-respondents herein failed necessitating the filing of the suit.
3. Written statement to the suit came to be filed by the defendants-respondents herein after the defendants were summoned by the trial court, wherein the claim raised and lodged in the suit came to be opposed and resisted by the defendants-respondents herein.
4. During the pendency of this suit, the plaintiff-petitioner herein preferred an application under Order 38 Rule 5 read with Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure for attachment before judgment qua the sale of immovable property comprising of a residential flat bearing No. 402 located in Pocket D-6, Block G-6 situated at Vasant Kunj, New Delhi (for short “the property”) standing in the name of defendants 2 and 3 – respondents herein. In response to which application filed by the plaintiff-petitioner herein, objections came to be filed by the defendants-respondents herein opposing the said application.
5. The trial court after considering the said application, in terms of the impugned order, dismissed the same.
6. The impugned order whereby the aforesaid application of the plaintiff-petitioner herein came to be dismissed is being assailed in the instant petition by the petitioner.
Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.
7. Before proceeding to test the legality or otherwise of the impugned order, it would be pertinent, significant and advantageous to refer to the contents of the application supra filed by the plaintiff-petitioner herein before the trial court as also the affidavit accompanied therewith and, same accordingly, are extracted and reproduced in extenso hereunder:-
2. That today the application filed on behalf of plaintiff Bank under Section 136, Order 38 Rule 5 read with section 151 Civil Procedure Code has been listed.
3. That the plaintiff Bank humbly seeks the kind indulgence of Learned Court to place on record the copies of following documents:
(a) Valuation Report dated 29-09-2020 of Land measuring 21 Kanals
It is settled law that power under Order 38 Rule 5 of CPC is drastic and extraordinary power.
The court emphasized that attachment before judgment requires credible evidence of intent to obstruct execution, and failure to consider relevant documents constitutes a jurisdictional error.
A court may order a defendant to furnish security to prevent them from obstructing enforcement of potential judgments, contingent upon establishing a prima facie case.
Elaborating further, Supreme Court observed that the appellants were not seriously prejudiced by such direction.
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