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2023 Supreme(Jhk) 1138

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
SUJIT NARAYAN PRASAD, SUBHASH CHAND, JJ.
Chendaya Sandi Purty, S/o Late Etwa Sandi Purty - Appellants
Versus
The State Jharkhand - Respondent
Cr. Appeal (DB) No.1618 of 2017 With Cr. Appeal (DB) No.1222 of 2017
Decided on : 02-08-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellants :Mr. R.S. Mazumdar, Mr. Anjani Kumar, Mr. Nishant Kumar Roy, Advocate
For the Respondent: Mr. Saket Kumar, A.P.P.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 364/34, 302/34, 201/34, 120

(B) - Conviction of the appellants for murder, kidnapping, and destruction of evidence upheld - Initial judgment from Sessions Court followed standard legal principles but relied excessively on the confession of one accused for convicting co-accused - Co-accused's confessions cannot solely establish guilt but only support evidence - Failure to produce conclusive DNA evidence weakens prosecution’s case - Sufficient eyewitness accounts presented to establish guilt of certain appellants leading to fatal injuries on victims and their subsequent deaths. (Paras 10, 21, 130, 134)

(B) Confessions as evidence - The court emphasized that confessional statements from one accused cannot be used as a primary basis to convict co-accused without substantial corroborating evidence - Prior threats and motives between parties were crucial elements presented by witnesses. (Paras 20, 130)

Facts of the case:
The complainant's family members went missing after leaving a market, prompting a search that led to discovering their decomposed bodies in a forest. Evidence pointed to prior hostility between the victims and certain accused. Witnesses claimed to have seen the accused attacking the victims and reported recovery of items from the crime scene linked to the accused.

Findings of Court:
The trial court's conviction for some appellants was upheld based on strong witness testimony; acquitted others due to lack of supporting evidence.

Issues: Whether the confessional statement of one appellant could implicate others; the credibility of witness testimonies and scientific evidence regarding the victims’ deaths.

Ratio Decidendi: Confessions can aid in establishing a case but must be corroborated by significant evidence. The prosecution must demonstrate guilt beyond reasonable doubt, based on the totality of circumstances. Unfounded reliance on a single confession without additional evidence is inadequate for conviction.

Result: Appeals dismissed concerning certain appellants; others acquitted due to insufficient evidence.

Table of Content
1. context of the appeals and factual background (Para 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
2. court's observations on trial court's proceedings (Para 3 , 15 , 21 , 23 , 24)
3. arguments presented by the appellants (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
4. final judgment and conclusion of the court (Para 130 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138)

JUDGMENT :

Sujit Narayan Prasad, J.

Since both the appeals arise out of common judgment of conviction and order of sentence, therefore, the instant appeals are being disposed of with this common order.

2. The instant appeal, filed under Sections 374 (2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, has been preferred against the judgment of conviction dated 28.04.2017 and order of sentence dated 29.04.2017 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge-II, West Singhbhum at Chaibasa in Sessions Trial Case No.68 of 2011, by which, the appellants have been found guilty and convicted for the offence punishable under Section 364 /34, 302/34 and 201/34 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE and sentenced them to undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years and a fine of Rs.10,000/-for the offence under Sections 364 /34 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE and in case of default of payment of fine they have further been directed to undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for six months and further they have been sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life and a fine of Rs.10,000/-for the offence under Section 302 /34 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE and in case of default of payment of fine they have further been directed to undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for six months. The have further been sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for five years and a fine of Rs.5,000/-for the offence under Sections 201 /34 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE and in case of default of payment of fine, further to undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for six months and further sentenced them to undergo imprisonment for life for the offence under Sections 120(B) of the INDIAN PENAL CODE and a fine of Rs.10,000/-and in default of payment of fine, they have further been directed to undergo additional rigorous imprisonment for six months and all the sentences awarded to them shall run concurrently.

3. This Court, before proceeding to examine the legality and propriety of the judgment of conviction and order of sentence, deems it fit and proper to refer the background of prosecution case, as per fardbeyan of informant, which reads as under:

4. As per the Fardbeyan of the informant-Ladu Lal Sandi that he has gone to Bandgaon Hat Bazar on 19-05-2010 along with his mother Pudgi Devi, father Hindu Sandi Purty and the younger brother Tulsi Das Mahto for selling goods like oil and soap etc.

5. After closure of said Hat in the evening, the informant along with his mother, father and brother, proceeded for his house. The informant after some time, went away by his bicycle and his mother, father and younger brother proceeded through a 'Pagdandi' along with the unsold articles like oil, soap etc. It has been further stated that the informant's co-villagers 1. Titu Purty 2. Sahu Purty 3. Pandu Purty 4. Sukhram Purty 5. Karam Singh Purty 6. Samu Purty and others were also following the informant's mother and father on the said Pagdandi. The informant reached to his house and cooked rice and vegetable with the help of his sister Phulmani Sandi Purty and waited for his mother and father but they did not return till 9 p.m. in the night. The informant and his younger sister Phulmani went to Katwa pond but they did not find their mother and father and hence, they returned to their village and went to the house of Titu Purty, Sahu Purty, Pandu Purty, Sukhram Purty, Karm Singh Purty and Samu Purty, who were following the informant's mother and father, as well as to the house of other co-villagers, who had gone to the market on that day also. Thereafter, on 20-05-2010, in the morning, at about 5 o' clock, when the informant was going to answer the nature’s call in the field, he saw

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