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2024 Supreme(Mad) 2421

BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
A.D.JAGADISH CHANDIRA and K.RAJASEKAR, JJ.
Ravichandran - Appellant 
Versus 
State through, The Inspector of Police – Respondent 
Crl.A.(MD) No.244 of 2020 
Decided on : 27-09-2024

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr.V.Sasikumar
For the Respondent: Mr.R.Meenakshi Sundaram, Additional Public Prosecutor

The court established that unreliable age evidence and inconsistencies in the victim's account, coupled with her prior consent, undermined the conviction under the POCSO Act.

Headnote:(A) POCSO Act, 2012 - Section 6 - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 506(i) - Conviction and sentence of life imprisonment with fine for penetrative sexual assault; age of victim questioned - Prosecution's reliance on a school transfer certificate for age determination was inadequate as it was contradictory and unreliable - The court found the victim’s consent dubious given the circumstances surrounding the relationship. (Paras 3, 10, 20, 21)

(B) Legal standards on consent - A consent given under fear of injury or misconception does not provide a legal footing for sexual activities - The judgement clarified nuances of consent, especially in context of statutory provisions protecting minors from sexual exploitation. (Paras 9, 15)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was convicted for sexual offences against a victim alleged to be a minor, with a relationship involving promises of marriage and ongoing physical intimacy. Post a missed menstrual cycle, pregnancy led to a complaint. (Paras 1, 2, 4)

Findings of Court:
The court ruled that the prosecution did not conclusively prove the victim's age as below 18; thus, the evidence of consensual relationship between parties was credible, and the complaint was lodged only after pregnancy. (Paras 20, 21)

Issues: The central questions were whether the victim was indeed a minor at the time of offence, and whether her consent was obtained under coercion or misconception. (Paras 10, 21)

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that without irrefutable proof of the age, it could not convict the accused under POCSO Act, underlining that an individual’s consent in a sexual relationship cannot be discounted merely due to subsequent claims of coercion or misconception when prior indications of consent exist. (Paras 17, 21)

Result: Appeal allowed; conviction and sentence set aside, leading to acquittal of the appellant.

Table of Content
1. challenging conviction based on pocso act. (Para 1 , 2)
2. facts of the case: relationship and crime details. (Para 3 , 4 , 9)
3. defense arguments questioning victim's age and consent. (Para 5 , 6)
4. prosecutor's rebuttal regarding victim's age and evidence. (Para 7 , 8)
5. court's analysis on evidence and credibility. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
6. determination of consent and victim's reliability. (Para 15 , 16 , 21)
7. final ruling: acquittal based on insufficient evidence. (Para 22 , 23)

JUDGMENT :

A.D. JAGADISH CHANDIRA , J.

Challenging the judgment of conviction and sentence rendered by the learned Sessions Judge, Mahila Court,Tirunelveli, in Spl. Case No.68 of 2017, dated 14.11.2019, the present Criminal Appeal has been preferred by the sole accused.

2. The appellant stands convicted and sentenced as under:-

Legal provisionSentence imposed
Section 6 of POCSO Act, 2012Life imprisonment and a fine of Rs.2 lakhs, in default, to undergo one year simple imprisonment.
Section 506 (i) IPCSix months rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 1000, in default, to undergo one month simple imprisonment.

3. The case of the prosecution is as follows :-

i) The de facto complainant/victim girl (PW2) is residing at Veikalipatti th Village along with her family. She had completed 10 standard and thereafter, completed Diploma in Nursing and is working as a Nurse in Susila Hospital at Pavoorchatram, Tenkasi, for the past 1 ¼ years. The accused, who is a married man having two male children, was residing at the victim's neighboring village Lakshmipati and he was working as an Accountant in the Ramya Dairy Farm and he used to visit the victim’s paternal uncle’s house for settling account regarding supply of milk. Whenever the victim's paternal uncle was not at home, the accused used to hand over the cash to the mother of the victim/PW1. During such time, the victim got acquainted with the accused and they were having a relationship for about 1 ½ years.

(ii) During January 2016, the accused had induced the victim with the sweet coated words and asked her to marry him. When the victim had enquired him stating that he is already a married man, the accused had promised to marry the victim and take care of her too well. The accused used to give lift to the victim in his motorcycle when she returns from the hospital at 8.00 pm and whileso, on 12.03.2016, he had taken the victim in his bike after her duty and during such time, the accused had taken her to a secluded place and on the promise of marrying her, compelled her and committed penetrative sexual assault on her. Similarly, till 07.08.2016, the accused had taken her to the same place on several occasions and committed repetitive penetrative sexual assault on her, due to which, the victim became pregnant. When the victim had informed the accused that she was pregnant, the accused had informed her that he would take care of her.

(iii) While so, PW7, sister-in-law of victim, who was also working in the same hospital, found that the stomach of PW2/victim to be big and bulged and when she had enquired about the same, the victim had not revealed anything. Thereafter, on 20.08.2016, PW7 had found that PW2 was pregnant. The victim, fearing that her pregnancy would be exposed to others, had informed the same to the accused and at that time, he had intimidated her saying that she should not reveal the same to anyone and threatened to kill her parents in the event of her revealing.

(iv) Thereafter, the victim has given the complaint to the respondent on 24.08.2016 and based on her complaint/Ex.P1, the case in Crime No.16 of 2016 was registered by PW19/Annajothi, Sub-Inspector of Police for the offence under Section 6 of the POCSO Act, 2012 and under Section 506(i) of IPC. The First Information Report is Ex.P17. Thereafter, PW19 handed over the complaint to PW20/Gnanaselvam, Inspector of Police for investigation.

(v) On 25.08.2016, PW20 visited the scene of occurrence in the presence of PW5 and one Kuthalingam a

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