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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
M.S.RAMESH, SUNDER MOHAN
Anand – Appellant
Versus
State by: The Inspector of Police, Puduchatram Police Station – Respondent
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. challenges against conviction in criminal appeals (Para 1 , 2 , 3) |
| 2. factual account of the crime and investigation (Para 4 , 5 , 11) |
| 3. arguments from both parties regarding evidence (Para 6 , 7 , 8) |
| 4. assessment of witness statements and evidence (Para 9 , 10) |
| 5. criteria for conviction based on circumstantial evidence (Para 12 , 18) |
| 6. issues relating to extrajudicial confessions and its credibility. (Para 14) |
| 7. judicial conclusions on identification without prior parades. (Para 15) |
| 8. final ruling and acquittal of accused (Para 19 , 20) |
JUDGMENT :
SUNDER MOHAN, J.
1. These Criminal Appeals have been filed by Accused Nos.1 to 3, challenging the conviction and sentence imposed upon them vide judgment dated 31.10.2019 in S.C.No.99 of 2015 on the file of the learned Principal Sessions Judge, Namakkal.
2. As facts pleaded and submissions made are the same, these three Criminal Appeals are taken up together, heard and disposed of by this Common Judgment.
3. For the sake of convenience, the parties are referred to as per their ranking before the trial Court.
4........
(i) The case of the prosecution is that on 15.12.2014 at about8.30 p.m., all the accused were proceeding in a
In criminal proceedings, the prosecution must establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt, and reliance on weak circumstantial evidence fails to support a conviction.
Circumstantial evidence must form a complete chain pointing to guilt, and extrajudicial confessions require corroboration to be credible.
The prosecution must establish each and every link of the circumstances relied upon in a case based on circumstantial evidence to prove the guilt of the accused beyond all reasonable doubt.
Circumstantial evidence must form a complete chain pointing to guilt, and extrajudicial confessions require corroboration to be reliable.
Conviction based on unreliable evidence, particularly last seen theory and coerced extra-judicial confession, cannot meet the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt.
In criminal cases relying on circumstantial evidence, the prosecution must prove each circumstance beyond reasonable doubt, and the evidence must form a complete chain that excludes other hypotheses ....
In criminal cases based on circumstantial evidence, the prosecution must establish a complete and unbroken chain of evidence to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Extrajudicial confessions require corroboration and cannot solely establish guilt without reliable evidence.
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