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2025 Supreme(Mad) 5639

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
P. DHANABAL, J.
Balaji alias Suresh - Appellant
Versus
Krishnamoorthi (Died) – Respondent
S.A.Nos. 901 and 902 of 2017
Decided on : 25-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. T.M.Hariharan
For the Respondent: Mr.S.Mukunth for Mr.V.P.K.Gowtham

Court affirmed that unregistered documents cannot establish property title, emphasizing the necessity of valid title proof for injunction claims.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 100 - Appeals against decrees and judgments of lower courts - The second appeals were against the common judgments and decrees of the Subordinate Court, evaluating matters related to title and permanent injunction. The Courts below upheld that the unregistered sale deed was inadmissible under the Transfer of Property Act. (Paras 19, 23)

(B) Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 90 - Presumption regarding documents - The Court held that without a valid basis, the presumption under Section 90 for unregistered documents did not apply. (Paras 13, 22)

Facts of the case:
The first appellant sought to challenge the adverse decisions of the lower courts in light of property rights stemming from inheritance and disputed ownership based on insufficient documentation of title. Conversely, the respondents asserted possession following prior court rulings and alleged title through various legal transfers.

Findings of Court:
The Court concluded that the appellants did not establish valid title due to reliance on unregistered documentation, thus affirming the lower court's decisions regarding both property disputes.

Issues: The core issues revolved around property title, the admissibility of evidence, and the jurisdiction concerning property rights. The Court affirmed the necessity of legal proof for the transfer of property and the invalidity of the appellants' claims.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court ruled that to establish title, legally enforceable documents must be produced. Unregistered documents were deemed inadmissible, resulting in an affirmation of the respondents' legal standing. The ruling clarified that a claim for permanent injunction must consider recognized proof of ownership.

Result: The second appeals were dismissed.

Table of Content
1. overview of property title disputes and related claims. (Para 1 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. arguments for property ownership and legal grounding. (Para 14 , 15)
3. court's observations on evidence and property law. (Para 16 , 18 , 21)
4. determination of title and admissibility of evidence. (Para 22)
5. final decisions and dismissal of the appeals. (Para 23 , 24)

JUDGMENT :

P. DHANABAL, J.

1. These second appeals have been preferred as against the common judgments and decrees dated 03.10.2016 passed by the Sub Court, Namakkal in A.S.Nos.59 & 60/2013. The appeal in A.S.No.59/2013 has been preferred by the unsuccessful plaintiff as against the decree and judgment passed in O.S.No.505/2010 on the file of the Principal District Munsif Court, Namakkal, dated 17.04.2013.

2. The appeal in A.S.No.60/2013 has been preferred by the defendants as against the decree and judgment passed in O.S.No.155/2008 on the file of the Principal District Munsif Court, Namakkal, dated 17.04.2013. Before the Trial Court the plaintiff in O.S.No.505/2010 has filed the suit for the relief of declaration of title of the property and for permanent injunction. The plaintiffs in O.S.No.155/2008 have filed the suit for the relief of permanent injunction in respect of the suit property therein. Both the suits were tried together and common judgment was passed and the suit in O.S.No.155/2008 was decreed by granting permanent injunction and the suit in O.S.No.505/2010 was dismissed.

3. For the sake of convenience, the parties are referred to as per their rank in the trial court and at appropriate places, their rank in the present second appeals would also be indicated.

4. The brief averments of the plaint in O.S.No.155/2008 are as follows :

4.1. The first item of the suit property is a joint family property of the plaintiff and his brother Thiagarajan. The first item of the suit property was allotted through O.S.No.235/1989 on the file of the Sub Court, Namakkal. The brother of the plaintiff namely, Thiagarajan borrowed money and thereby, the properties were brought for auction through Court and one Natesan purchased the property through Court auction and thereafter, the first defendant purchased the property from the legal heirs of the said Natesan. The plaintiff filed the suit in O.S.No.235/1989 for partition. As per the suit, 4/9th share was allotted to the plaintiff and 1/9th share was allotted to his sister Rajamani, the first defendant has been allotted 4/9 share through decree dated 07.11.1990. Thereafter, the first defendant filed final decree application in I.A.No.163/1991 and obtained separate possession. As per the compromise memo, ‘A’ plan was prepared and ‘A’ schedule property to an extent of 1.95 cents, was allotted to the plaintiff and her sister and the first defendant was allotted ‘B’ schedule property to an extent of 1.56 cents, 0.29 cents is the common cart track and well allotted for both the parties as common.

4.2. The second item of the suit property is Village Natham in S.No.370/A1. The said property along with the house jointly belonged to the plaintiff and his brother Thiagarajan and joint patta also granted in their favour. The brother of the plaintiff borrowed money and the creditor filed the suit in O.S.No.479/1989 and the said property was brought for auction through REP 451/1991 and one Veerappa Chettiyar purchased through court auction on 09.06.1993 and thereafter the said Veerappa Chettiyar filed the suit in O.S.No.222/1994 for partition and in that partition suit, there was a compromise between the parties and the entire property was allotted to the share of the plaintiff. Therefore, the property allotted to the plaintiff and his sister, the first item along with second item have been converted into plots. There was electricity service connection in S.C.No.94 and 5 H.P. electric motor was purchased through deed dated 09.06.2007 by the plaintiff from the first defendant. Therefore, the entire service connection belongs to the plaintiff.

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