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2026 Supreme(Mad) 1295

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
P. Dhanabal, J.
Kosalai @ Renuka - Appellant
Versus
D.Srinivasan – Respondent
S.A.No.767 of 2018
Decided On : 27-04-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr.N.Manoharan
For the Respondent: M/s.Chitra Sampath, Senior Counsel, for Mr.P.Navaneetha Krishnan, Mr.Sriram, for Mr.K.N.Selvabharathi, R2-Party-in-person

A will must be proved in accordance with Section 63 of the Succession Act read with Section 68 of the Evidence Act; its admission in summary land ceiling proceedings does not bind non-parties for purpose of title, and certified copy can be relied upon only when loss of original is pleaded.

Headnote:(A) Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Section 100 - Second Appeal - Will - Proof of Will - Succession Act, 1925 - Section 63 - Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 68 - Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 33 - Requirement of proof of Will in manner known to law - Copy of Will - When loss of original will not mentioned in pleadings - Irrelevancy of evidence in land ceiling proceedings where appellant not a party.

(B) Joint Family Property - Non-joinder of necessary parties - Sale of property to third persons - Suit for partition - Dismissal for non-joinder of purchasers.

Facts of the case:
Properties belonged to deceased person. Plaintiff and several defendants claimed partition shares. Suit dismissed by trial court and first appellate court holding properties as self-acquired and Will proved in land ceiling proceedings. Second appeal preferred by appellant defendant.

Findings of Court:
Will not produced before trial court. Copy marked as exhibit was neither authenticated nor proved. Attesting witnesses not examined. Exploration of evidence not satisfying conditions under Evidence Act. Properties found to be joint family properties. Suit bad for non-joinder of purchasers of properties. Loss of original will not pleaded.

Issues: Whether Courts below committed error in accepting copy of will without pleadings regarding loss of original and without proof in manner known to law. Whether Courts below erred in dismissing partition suit after finding properties as joint family property.

Ratio Decidendi: Even if Will produced in earlier summary land ceiling proceedings, will cannot be taken as proved for civil proceedings since appellant was not party therein. Section 33 of Evidence Act not attracted. Authorized officer under land reforms Act has no power to decide validity of Will. Proof of will must satisfy Section 63 of Succession Act and Section 68 of Evidence Act.

Result: Second Appeal dismissed holding suit liable to be dismissed on ground of non-joinder of necessary parties.

Table of Content
1. procedural history and parties' status in second appeal (Para 1 , 2)
2. pleadings and claims regarding joint family and will (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. lower courts' dismissal and substantial questions of law raised (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
4. burden to prove unregistered will under succession and evidence acts (Para 16 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
5. precedents on admissibility of will proved in prior land-ceiling proceedings (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
6. substantial questions answered: invalid copy of will and non-joinder (Para 29 , 30 , 31)
7. dismissal of appeal and permission for fresh suit (Para 32 , 33)

JUDGMENT

1.This Second Appeal has been preferred as against the judgment and decree made in A.S.No.36 of 2014 on the file of the learned Subordinate Judge, Dharapuram, dated 23.02.2017, confirming the judgment and decree made in O.S.No.127 of 2008, dated 03.10.2012, on the file of the learned Subordinate Judge, Kengeyam.

2.The appellant is the 7th defendant in O.S.No.127 of 2008 filed by the plaintiff, who is the 1st respondent in this appeal for the relief of partition. The trial Court dismissed the suit and the plaintiff filed an appeal in A.S.No.36 of 2014 on the file of the learned Subordinate Judge, Dharapuram, and the appellate Court also dismissed the appeal by confirming the decree and judgment passed by the trial Court. Aggrieved by the said decree and judgment, the 7th defendant in O.S.No.127 of 2008 has preferred this second appeal.

3. The brief facts of the averments made in the plaint before the trial Court are as follows:

The suit properties originally belonged to one V.G.Periyasamy Goundar by ancestrally. The 1st defendant is the 2nd wife of said Periyasamy Goundar. The 2nd defendant is the son of 1st defendant and the said Periyasamy Goundar. The defendants 5 and 6 (Deceased Balagurunathan and Karpagavalli) are the Children born to the said Periyasamy Goundar through his 1st wife, namely Valliyammal. The said Periyasamy Goundar died intestate in the year 1968. The son of deceased Periyasamy Goundar, namely, Balagurunathan, died intestate leaving behind the plaintiff and the 5th defendant as his legal heirs in the year 1974. The daughter of the deceased Periyasamy Goundar, namely Karpagavalli also died intestate leaving behind the defendants 3 and 4 as her legal heirs. The 1st item of the suit properties ancestrally belonged to the deceased Periyasamy Goundar. The 2nd item of the suit properties and others originally belonged to the father of the deceased Periyasamy Goundar separately. The sons of Gurusamy Goundar, namely Periyasamy Goundar, Chinnasamy Goundar, Archuna Goundar, partitioned their properties through partition deed dated 04.04.1949 and the 2nd item of the suit properties and other properties were allotted to the said Periyasamy Goundar as 'B' schedule properties through the said partition. In respect of the properties allotted to the Periyasamy Goundar through the said partition, the said Periyasamy Goundar and his sons Balagurunathan and the 2nd defendant namely, Parameshwaran partitioned their properties through partition deed dated 29.11.1959. The 2nd item of the suit properties, which was allotted as 'A' schedule in the said partition to the said Periyasamy Goundar and after his demise, his 2nd wife/1st defendant and his sons and daughters/Defendants 2, 6 and 7 along with Karpagavalli and Balagurunathan jointly enjoyed the properties. The suit properties are jointly enjoyed by the plaintiffs and the defendants and are under common enjoyment. The defendants 1 and 2 jointly entitled to 1/6th share, the defendants 5 to 7 are separately entitled to 1/6th share, the defendants 3 and 4 jointly entitled to 1/6th share and the plaintiff and the 5th defendant jointly entitled to 1/6th share of the suit properties. The 5th defendant executed a release deed dated 21.11.1990 in favor of the plaintiff and thereby, the plaintiff is entitled to 1/6th share of the suit pro

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