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2026 Supreme(Mad) 2189

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS 
P. DHANABAL, J. 
Karupannan(died) – Appellant
Versus
Palaniappan, S/o. Marappagounder – Respondent
SA No. 667 of 2015 & M.P.No.1 of 2015 
Decided On : 13-02-2026 

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Mr.R.Rajesh
For the Respondents: Mr. T.L.Thirumalaisamy

Easement rights can be established through long-term use, and clarity in the property description is crucial for maintaining a claim regarding ancestral properties under civil law.

Headnote:(A) Civil Procedure Code - Section 100 - Second appeal against decree of First Appellate Court - Suit for declaration of easement rights over ancestral pathway - The plaintiff claimed ownership of ancestral properties through oral partition, asserting his entitlement to use a pathway over said properties which was denied by defendants - The trial court dismissed the suit, but the First Appellate Court partly allowed the appeal - The substantial questions of law revolved around maintainability due to property description and proof of oral partition. (Paras 8, 12, 19)

(B) Easement Rights - A pathway may be claimed based on long-standing use and necessity of access to dominant tenement - The plaintiff must establish existence of pathway and its significance for reaching properties - Court found the First Appellate Court's decision consistent with prior use and subdivision of properties amongst family members. (Paras 15, 16)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff sought relief of declaration and permanent injunction concerning a pathway used for over 50 years, contending that it belongs to him through oral partition. The defendants denied existence of the pathway and its ownership. The trial court dismissed the suit, prompting the plaintiff's appeal in the First Appellate Court, which allowed partial relief regarding the use of the pathway.

Findings of Court:
The First Appellate Court found the pathway essential for accessing the plaintiff's properties and ruled that the plaintiff established his entitlement to use the pathway, supported by the layout of the properties and historical use.

Issues: Main issues included the viability of the plaintiff's claim to the pathway, the correctness of the property description in the plaint, and the proof of oral partition.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that the plaintiff satisfactorily proved his rights to the pathway through evidence of longstanding use and that the description of the properties was sufficient for identification purposes, despite minor discrepancies. The omission of the defendants' father as a witness was noted as detrimental to their case.

Result: Second Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. appeal background and parties involved. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. trial court issues and appellate considerations. (Para 6 , 7 , 8)
3. arguments regarding property claims and pathway existence. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
4. court's detailed analysis on property partition. (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
5. legal reasoning on pathway rights and oral partition. (Para 17 , 18 , 19)

JUDGMENT :

P. DHANABAL, J.

This Second Appeal has been preferred as against the Judgment and Decree passed by the learned Additional Subordinate Judge, Namakkal in A.S.No.4 of 2014 dated 31.03.2015.

2. The respondent herein has filed the suit before the trial Court in O.S.No.92 of 2008 on the file of the District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, Paramathi for the relief of declaration and consequential relief of permanent injunction and the suit was dismissed by Judgment and Decree dated 21.10.2013. Aggrieved by the said Decree and Judgment, the plaintiff in O.S.No.92 of 2008 has preferred the Appeal Suit before the learned Additional Subordinate Judge, Namakkal in A.S.No.4 of 2014 and the said Appeal Suit was partly allowed declaring that the plaintiff is entitled for using the suit pathway shown in AB portion for carrying men, cattle and vehicles to the ‘P’ series lands, except P2 lands in Survey No.262/6B and the plaintiff is entitled for consequential relief of permanent injunction restraining the plaintiff as against the defendant from exercising such a right. Aggrieved by the said Decree and Judgment of the First Appellate Court, the defendants have preferred this Second Appeal.

3. For the sake of convenience and brevity, the parties herein are referred as plaintiff and defendants, as referred before the trial court.

4. The brief averments of the plaint are as follows:-

The suit properties are ancestral properties of the plaintiff and he is entitled to the property through oral partition between the plaintiff and the 1st defendant. The 1st defendant is the younger brother of the plaintiff and the 2 and 3 defendants are sons of the 1st defendant. The suit properties and other properties originally belonged to the paternal grand father of the plaintiff namely, Karuppana Gounder and his brothers, Chinna Gounder and Periya Gounder. The said Karuppana Gounder, China Gounder and Periya Gounder orally partitioned their properties and Survey Nos.262/5 and 6 were allotted to Karuppana Gounder and Survey no.262/4 was allotted to Periya Gounder and Survey no.265/11 was allotted to Karuppana Gounder. In the north-south, there was a Eteri pathway on the western side of the lands in Survey Nos.262 and 265 and the same was later formed as Panchayat road. From the said Panchayat road, there was a pathway to reach the lands situated in S.Nos.262/4 and 5 and through that pathway, they used to take cattles and agricultural goods and the said pathway has been shown as ABCD in the plaint plan. From the said pathway, the land holders in S.F.Nos.262/4, 5 and6 and 265/11 are reaching their properties. The properties mentioned as ‘P’ series, P, P1, P2, P3 and P4 property belongs to the plaintiff. The property belongs to the 1st defendant has been referred in the plan as D, D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5. The plaintiff and the 1st defendant orally partitioned their properties and survey nos.262/5A, 6B, 6D and 265/11A was allotted to the plaintiff and he got patta in his favour. Similarly, S.F.Nos.262/5B, 6A, 6C, S.F.No.265/11B have been allotted to the 1st defendant and he also got patta for those properties. Apart from that, the plaintiff and the 1st defendant purchased the property in Survey no.262/5C, from one Kuppusamy son of Pongiya Gounder, in that, southern side was enjoyed by the plaintiff and the northern side was enjoyed by the 1st defendant. The 1st defendant separately purchased the property in S.No.262/4 from Mottiyagounder son of Periyagounder and due to the misunderstanding between the plaintiff and the 1st defendant, the 1st defendant caused hindrance from enjoying

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