2026 Supreme(Ori) 512
THE HIGH COURT OF ORISSA AT CUTTACK
SIBO SANKAR MISHRA, J.
Papu @ Jayanarayan Muna – Appellant
Versus
State of Orissa – Respondent
CRA No.160 of 1994
Decided On : 19-02-2026
For the Appellants :Mr. Bijaya Kumar Ragada, Amicus Curiae assisted by Mr. Sasanka Sekhar Das, Advocate
For the Respondent: Mr. Sobhan Panigrahi, ASC
The conviction for rape and kidnapping is affirmed based on the victim's age as a minor, underscoring that consent is immaterial under IPC provisions.
Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 366 and 376 - Criminal Appeal - Conviction of accused-appellant for rape and kidnapping - Sentences of 7 years and 4 years imposed - Appeal confined to surviving appellants after certain withdrawals due to death - Appellant's plea of consent and age contested - Victim's testimony supported by medical evidence concluding her to be a minor renders consent immaterial - High Court affirms lower court's conviction for primary accused, modifies sentences for abettors. (Paras 1-19)
Facts of the case:
The prosecutrix was kidnapped by the appellant, subjected to confinement, with allegations of repeated rape. The age of the victim was determined to be between 14 and 15 years, making the consent irrelevant under IPC provisions.
Findings of Court:
The lower court's conviction upheld, noting insufficient evidence to establish conspiracy or consent.
Issues: Determination of age and whether the sexual act was consensual were central to the case.
Ratio Decidendi: Evidence of the prosecutrix, corroborated by medical findings, justified the conviction; age as a determining factor in consent under IPC is pivotal.
Result: Appeal dismissed against primary accused, partially allowed for abettors reducing their sentence to one year.
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. judgment against conviction and sentencing details. (Para 1 , 2) |
| 2. court's request for amicus curiae assistance. (Para 3 , 4) |
| 3. description of the prosecution's case and evidence. (Para 5 , 6) |
| 4. defence arguments and prosecution's evidence analysis. (Para 7 , 8) |
| 5. key arguments regarding age and consent. (Para 10 , 11 , 12) |
| 6. court observes and analyzes the evidence presented. (Para 14 , 15) |
| 7. conclusion and order on the appeal. (Para 17 , 18 , 19) |
JUDGMENT :
S.S. Mishra, J.
The present Criminal Appeal, filed by the appellants is directed against the judgment and order dated 21.03.1994 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Balangir in Sessions Case No.132/39 of 1993, whereby the accused-appellant No.1 has been convicted U/s.376/366 of I.P.C. and other accused appellants U/s. 366 of the I.P.C. Accordingly, accused-appellant No.1 has been sentenced to undergo R.I. for a period of 7 years for offence U/s.376 of I.P.C. and further R.I. of 4 years for offence U/s.366 of I.P.C. The other accused-appellants have been sentenced to R.I. for 4 years for offence U/s.366 of I.P.C.
2. While the appeal was pending, this Court was apprised of the fact that appellant no.2-Parsu Muna has expired. Therefore, vide order dated 19.08.2025, the appeal against the deceased appellant No.2 stood abated, in the absence of any motion on behalf of the legal heirs or next friend of the deceased appellant U/s.394 of Cr.P.C. Therefore, the present appeal is confined to appellant nos.1, 3 and 4.
3. None appeared for the appellants despite repeated calls. Therefore, this Court requested Mr. Bijaya Kumar Ragada and Mr. Sasanka Sekhar Das, learned Counsel, who were present in Court, to assist the Court in the capacity of Amicus Curiae and they have readily accepted the same and after obtaining the entire record, assisted the Court very effectively. An exhaustive written note of submission has been filed.
4. Heard Mr. B.K. Ragada, learned Amicus Curiae along with Mr. Sasanka Sekhar Das, learned counsel appearing for the appellants and Mr. Sobhan Panigrahi, learned Additional Standing Counsel for the State.
5. The prosecution case, at its highest, rests on the statement of the prosecutrix. As per her version, about a month prior to the occurrence, on a Monday evening, while she was engaged in cleaning utensils near the bari side of her house, the accused- appellant Pappu suddenly emerged from behind a straw heap, gagged her mouth and forcibly took her to the house of one Petu Ghasi, where she was confined in a room. During the midnight hours, she was taken to village Bharatbahel to the house of a relative described as an elder mother, who provided them food. While they were staying there, Brusabha, the brother of the accused Pappu, visited the house, held some discussion with him and thereafter left. He again returned in the night along with Golekh, Sardul and Parsu, bringing two saris, two blouses and two sayas. The prosecutrix was asked to wear a sari and, upon her hesitation, she was allegedly threatened. It is further alleged that the accused Pappu forcibly removed her chhadi and frock.
It is the further case of the prosecution that thereafter the prosecutrix was taken to Degaon, where they boarded a bus and proceeded to Saintala. From Saintala, she was taken to village Rundimahal to the house of a relation of the accused. The inmates of the said house were requested to allow the accused Pappu and the prosecutrix to stay there for about two months, to which they consented. After taking bath and meals, the others left, leaving behind the accused Pappu and the prosecutrix. On Wednesday night, the accused Pappu slept separately and the prosecutrix slept with a girl of that house. However, on Thursday night, the accused and the prosecutrix slept together while the other family members slept separately. During that night, the accused allegedly committed rape upon her against her will. It is further alleged that the accused continued to commit