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2023 Supreme(P&H) 1888

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
DEEPAK GUPTA, J.
Surinder Pal Singh & Anr. – Appellants
Versus
State of Punjab & Ors. – Respondent
CRM-M No.32551 of 2017
Decided on : 05-09-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr.S.S.Behl, Mr.Gaurav Vir Singh Behl & Mr.Akaymeet Singh
For the Respondent: Mr.R.S.Khaira, DAG

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 482 - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 406, 420 & 120B - Quashing of FIR - Allegations in complaint insufficient to establish a criminal offense - Legal principles iterated on distinction between mere breach of contract and criminal cheating - Intent must exist at the time of inducement - FIR arises from civil nature dispute; respondent failed to act within limitation period for specific performance. (Paras 7, 11, 12, 15)

(B) Criminal Liability - No ingredients of Sections 406, 420 IPC established - Complaint dismissed as frivolous and matter deemed settled through compromise. (Paras 14, 16)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners were accused of fraud concerning an agreement to sell land where the complainant paid substantial amounts but no sale deed was executed or refund provided. The complaint was made after a significant delay and despite settlement reached.

Findings of Court:
The FIR was quashed, having failed to demonstrate criminal liability, and the dispute was purely civil in nature.

Issues: The court assessed whether the allegations could establish a cognizable offense and the implications of the civil agreement to settle.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that a mere breach of contract does not constitute cheating unless fraudulent intent at the transaction's inception is present; hence, a quashing was warranted.

Result: FIR quashed.

Table of Content
1. allegations regarding land sale and fir details. (Para 1 , 2)
2. petitioners' arguments against the fir. (Para 3 , 4)
3. legal principles for quashing fir. (Para 7 , 8)
4. requirements for criminal liability in cheating. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
5. analysis of facts supports civil nature of case. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
6. fir quashed; no criminal liability. (Para 16)

JUDGMENT :

Deepak Gupta, J. - Prayer in this petition filed under Section 482 Cr.PC is to quash FIR No.75 dated 17.07.2017 registered at Police Station Mehna, District Moga, Punjab under Sections 406 , 420 & 120B IPC.

2. FIR in question (Annexure P4) was lodged on the complaint of Gurpreet Singh (respondent No.3), as per which Nihal Singh (petitioner No.2), the Special Power of Attorney holder of Sarwan Singh, Baldev Singh and Niranjan Singh sons of Sarain Singh, had agreed to sell their land situated in village Talwandi Malian vide an agreement dated 29.04.2013. The said agreement was executed through petitioner No.1 Surinder Pal Singh, who also attested the same. Amount of Rs.10 lakh was transferred in the account of Nihal Singh. It is alleged that later on, another amount of Rs.8 lakh was paid by the complainant from time to time, but despite taking total amount of Rs.18 lakh, neither the sale deed was executed nor the amount was refunded. FIR further reveals that complaint, initially made on 07.06.2016, was sent to Economic Offences Wing, Moga, which recommended the registration of the FIR under Section 420 and 120B IPC. However, opinion of the District Attorney was sought, who opined that no criminal action was made out, as per his report dated 16.01.2017. However, on the recommendation of the Senior Superintendent of Police, Moga, the FIR was registered.

3. (i) It is contended by ld. counsel that petitioner No.1-Surinder Pal Singh had only facilitated petitioner No.2 to arrive at agreement to sell the land measuring 33 kanal 9 marla approximately, situated at village Talwandi Malian to respondent No.3 at the rate of Rs.25 lakh per acre, vide agreement dated 29.04.2013. Petitioner No.2 received Rs.10 lakh as earnest money. Balance sale consideration was to be paid on 28.06.2013 on the date of execution of the sale deed. As respondent No.3 could not arrange the funds, so as per his request, the date for execution of the sale deed was extended to 25.07.2013. However, respondent No.3 did not come forward to make balance payment on 25.07.2013 or to get the sale deed executed. Petitioners reminded him several times but respondent No.3 failed to arrange the funds.

(ii) Ld. counsel for the petitioner further submits that respondent No.3 never filed any suit for specific performance in respect of the agreement to sell dated 29.04.2013 up to June, 2016 and therefore, petitioner No.2 forfeited the earnest money of respondent No.3 after expiry of the limitation period for registration of the sale deed. After remaining silent for a period of more than 3 years, respondent No.3 made a frivolous complaint on 07.06.2016 to SSP, Moga in which District Attorney gave clear opinion that no criminal case was made out.

(iii) Ld. counsel contends further that as petitioner No.2 had applied for a migration to Canada, and his permanent residency to Canada had been approved, respondent No.3 sensed trouble due to the report of the District Attorney and so, he approached the respectable members of the village to get the matter compromised. Since petitioner No.2 was not in India in the month of 2017, therefore, in order to avoid any kind of legal complications, he agreed to the proposal of the respectables and in order to buy peace, settled to pay an amount of Rs.5,70,000/- to respondent No.3, which was paid through his son. An agreement to that effect was entered into between petitioner No.2 through his son Sukhdeep Singh and respondent No.3. Respondent No.3 accepted amount of Rs.5,70,000/- through cheques dated 09.02.2017. Copy of that compromise is Annexure P3 and thereafter, all th

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