IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
SURESHWAR THAKUR, KULDEEP TIWARI, JJ.
Swaran Singh @ Gora – Appellant
Versus
State of Punjab – Respondent
CRA-D NO. 474-DB of 2018(O&M)
Decided On : 07-07-2023
JUDGMENT
Mr. Kuldeep Tiwari, J.
The present appeal has been directed at the instance of appellant-accused against the verdict of conviction and order of sentence dated 10.11.2017, rendered by the learned Sessions Judge, Bathinda, in case FIR No. 204 dated 5.9.2016, registered under Section 302 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE , at Police Station Nathana, District Bathinda, whereby he has been convicted for the offence punishable under Section 302 of IPC, and, has been ordered to undergo sentence of imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs 10,000/- and in default of payment of fine, to further undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of two years.
Factual Matrix
2. The prosecution agency was set into motion upon the receipt of information from one Gurtej Singh son of Hakam Singh (PW1). On 5.9.2016, ASI Karamjit Singh (PW11) along with other police officials was present at Railway Crossing, Bhucho Mandi, in connection with patrolling and checking of suspicious persons. There, complainant Gurtej Singh along with one Makhan Singh met them and got recorded his statement. The statement is read as under:-
3. On the basis of above statement Ex. P/1, the formal FIR Ex. P11 was registered.
Police Investigations
4. After recording the formal FIR, ASI Karamjit Singh visited the spot, from where, he lifted the blood stained earth and simple earth along with blood stained torn parna and these were converted into separate parcels and all parcels were sealed with the seal impression 'KS'. Sample seal was separately prepared and was handed over to HC Rajiv Kumar. Rough site plan of the place of occurrence (Ex. P/12) was prepared. The inquest proceedings Ex. PW6/G were also carried out. Thereafter, he made an application Ex. PW6/A to the Chief Medical Officer for conducting the post mortem of the unknown dead body. After conducting the post mortem, the dead body was kept in mortuary for identification. Thereafter, one Raj Kaur wife of Lakha Singh and her brother Bogha Singh came there and both identified the dead body to be that of son of Raj Kaur namely Gurtej Singh alias Kala. Statements of Raj Kaur and Bhoga Singh, Ex. P/15 and Ex. P/16 were recorded under Section 161 Cr.P.C. In her statement, Raj Kaur has stated that on 4.9.2016, her son Gurtej Singh alias Kala went from their home at Bhuchu Mandi on Scooty for some domestic work. When her son did not come back, she informed her brother Bogha Singh. On 6.9.2016, when they were going to lodge a police complaint, they came to know from the police officials that on 5.9.2016, a dead body of one unknown young man has been recovered from the path of minor canal in the area of Chak Fateh Singh Wala and was presently lying in Mortuary
The court ruled that weak circumstantial evidence and lack of motive cannot support a murder conviction, necessitating a complete chain of proof.
Circumstantial evidence requires complete unbroken chain conclusively proving guilt and excluding innocence hypothesis; failure of key links like last seen, extra-judicial confession, motive, recover....
It is cardinal principle of criminal jurisprudence that incriminating recoveries can be used to corroborate substantive evidence.
The judgment emphasizes the requirement for complete and unimpeachable evidence to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt in a case of circumstantial evidence.
Circumstantial evidence, when complete and consistent, can sustain a conviction without direct eyewitness testimony; minor discrepancies in testimonies do not negate the prosecution's case.
In criminal cases based on circumstantial evidence, the prosecution must establish a complete and conclusive chain of evidence that excludes all reasonable hypotheses of innocence; mere suspicion is ....
It is a settled legal proposition that conviction of a person accused of committing an offence, is generally based solely on evidence that is either oral or documentary, but in exceptional circumstan....
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