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2025 Supreme(P&H) 295

PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT AT CHANDIGARH
Gurvinder Singh Gill and Jasjit Singh Bedi, JJ.
Jagtar Singh And Ohers – Appellant 
Versus  
State Of Punjab – Respondent 
CRA-173-DB-2005 (O&M) and CRA-D-498-DB-2006 (O&M)
Decided on : 15-02-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Surinder Garg, Advocate, Mr. Surinder Garg, Amicus Curiae
For the Respondent: Mr. Harkanwar Jeet Singh, AAG, Punjab.

The court ruled that weak circumstantial evidence and lack of motive cannot support a murder conviction, necessitating a complete chain of proof.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302, 201 read with 34 - Murder conviction based on circumstantial evidence - Appellants allege wrongful conviction on basis of extra-judicial confession and recovery of items - Court found insufficient evidence to support conviction, stressing the importance of motive; trial court's findings set aside. (Paras 25, 24, 18, 19)

(B) Circumstantial Evidence - Requirements for conviction - Evidence must establish a complete and unbroken chain leading to guilt, allowing no reasonable doubt of innocence. (Paras 22, 21)

Facts of the case:
Two appeals were filed against conviction for murder of Jaswinder Singh. Key evidence included a purported confession to a third party and recovery of property linked to deceased, but the investigation had cleared initial suspects.

Findings of Court:
Prosecution failed to establish a strong enough link tying appellants to the murder, relying too heavily on circumstantial evidence.

Issues: Whether the circumstantial evidence presented against the appellants sufficiently established guilt.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that reliance on weak circumstantial evidence cannot uphold a conviction, illustrating the necessary linkages that must exist.

Result: Appeals allowed; convictions overturned.

Table of Content
1. murder charges based on fir and circumstantial evidence of missing person. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. the police conducted an investigation leading to the recovery and confessions. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. evidence presented included witness testimonies and respective claims. (Para 7 , 8)
4. defense claims that evidence is circumstantial and lacks credibility. (Para 9 , 10)
5. legal principles governing the admission of circumstantial evidence. (Para 11 , 12 , 18)
6. requirement for circumstantial evidence to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt. (Para 21 , 22 , 24)
7. final ruling allows appeal and acquits defendants. (Para 25 , 26)

JUDGMENT :

Gurvinder Singh Gill, J. -

This judgment shall dispose off the above mentioned two appeals filed by appellants Jagtar Singh and Jagdev Singh wherein judgment dated 10.01.2005 passed by learned Sessions Judge, Faridkot is being assailed vide which both the appellants had been held guilty of having murdered Jaswinder Singh and have been sentenced as under:-

Section

Sentence

302/34 IPC

To undergo rigorous imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs.1000/- and in default of payment of fine to further undergo rigorous imprisonment for six months each.

201/34 IPC

To undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of three years and to pay a fine of Rs.500/- and in default of payment of fine to further undergo rigorous imprisonment for three months each.

2. The FIR (Ex.P-33) was lodged on the statement/ruqa (Ex.P-32) of complainant Sonam Rani @ Seema on 15.11.2001 wherein she alleged that she had earlier been married to Rajesh @ Banty who was addicted to intoxicants, but since they could not pull-on together, they started residing separately and with the intervention of the Panchayat, it was settled that each of them would be at liberty to contract second marriage. The complainant stated that subsequently, she solemnized marriage with Jaswinder Singh (deceased). However, her previous husband Rajesh along with Karam Singh and two other persons came to the house of her in-laws and also to the shop of Lakhwinder Singh (elder brother of deceased) and issued threats to kidnap Jaswinder Singh and that they would not be allowed to live peacefully. Although, the complainant and others lodged their protest in this regard through their relatives, but Rajesh again threatened the complainant telephonically. It is alleged that Bittu who is a relative of complainant's earlier husband Rajesh being his 'jija' (brother-in-law) had also threatened her telephonically several times while stating that Jaswinder Singh would be killed and even his dead body would not be ever recovered. Although, the complainant and others again lodged protest through their relatives but to no avail. Complainant alleged that on 23.08.2001, when she along with her husband Jaswinder Singh were going towards Ferozepur, they were followed by Rajesh and his companions. On 13.09.2001, the complainant, as per routine had left home for selling clothes and he had taken moped of complainant's father-in-law, but he did not return though he usually returned home by 2:00 PM. Although, the complainant along with her relatives searched for her husband, but he could not be found. On 15.09.2001, when the complainant alongwith her father-in-law Harbhagwan Singh, her brother-in-law Lakhwinder Singh and Mulkh Raj were going in a jeep from village Buttar towards village Sangrahoor in search of her husband, they saw some persons having gathered near a bridge on water channel. When the complainant and her companions stopped there, they saw a dead body lying at the bridge which was found to be that of complainant's husband. The neck of the dead body had been strangulated with a piece of cloth (parna) and the dead body had been tied in a yellow coloured 'palli' (large piece of cloth). The complainant alleged that her husband had been murdered by Rajesh Kumar, Bittu and their companions.

3. Pursuant to lodging of the FIR, the police reached at the spot and took out the

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