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2023 Supreme(P&H) 2922

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
TEJINDER SINGH DHINDSA, SANJIV BERRY, JJ.
M/s. Fermina Developers Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. – Petitioners
Versus
Indiabulls Housing Finance Limited – Respondent
CWP-1806 of 2023 (O&M)
Decided On : 23-02-2023

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. Anand Chhibbar, Sr. Advocate, Mr. Amit Jhanji, Sr. Advocate, Mr. Shikhar Sarin, Mr. Shashank Sharma, Ms. Ateevraj Sandhu, Ms. Zaheen Kaur, Ms. Padmaja Kaur, and Mr. Yugank Goel, Advocates.
For the Respondent-Caveator:Mr. Puneet Bali, Sr. Advocate, Mr. Akshay Bhan, Sr. Advocate with Mr. A.S. Talwar, Mr. Abhijeet Singh Pawaley, Ms. Divya Sharma, Mr. Sachin Jain and Mr. Shivam Sharma, Advocates.

Headnote:(A) Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 - Section 13(2) - Writ petition against private entities - Jurisdiction under Article 226 - It was held that private entities, even if regulated by statutory provisions, are generally not amenable to writ jurisdiction unless discharging public functions (Paras 12, 20, 27).

(B) Alternative remedies - The challenge to the recall notice was unsuitable for writ jurisdiction as alternate statutory remedies under Section 13(3-A) exist (Paras 26, 28).

Facts of the case:
The petitioners challenged the recall notice for termination of a repayment structure citing payments made under a One-Time Settlement, asserting no default occurred (Paras 1, 10).

Findings of Court:
The High Court found the writ petition not maintainable and emphasized that disputes under Section 13 are to be adjudicated under the statutory framework of the SARFAESI Act (Paras 27, 29).

Issues: The main questions were whether the respondent was amenable to writ jurisdiction and if an alternative remedy was available under Sections 13 and 17 of the 2002 Act (Paras 12, 28).

Ratio Decidendi: The court reasoned that the respondent does not perform a public function despite being regulated, thus writ petitions against it are not maintainable (Paras 12, 20).

Result: Writ petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. challenge to recall notice and termination of repayment structure. (Para 1 , 2)
2. arguments against maintainability of writ petition. (Para 3 , 4)
3. discussion on the nature of payments made. (Para 5 , 6)
4. maintainability issues under article 226. (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
5. arguments regarding statutory responsibilities of respondents. (Para 10 , 11)
6. public function test for writ jurisdiction. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)
7. rationale on regulatory considerations of private entities. (Para 15 , 16)
8. nature of the repayment agreement. (Para 17 , 18)
9. conclusion on non-applicability of public duties. (Para 19 , 20)
10. judicial interpretation on alternate remedies under the act. (Para 21 , 22 , 23)
11. acknowledgment of statutory remedies utilized. (Para 24 , 25 , 26)
12. final dismissal and comments on merits. (Para 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31)

JUDGMENT

Tejinder Singh Dhindsa, J.

Challenge in the instant petition is to the recall notice dated 10.11.2022 (Annexure P-7) issued by the respondent-Indiabulls Housing Finance Limited whereby a Repayment Structure/OTS letter dated 01.09.2021 (Annexure P-2) stands terminated. Further challenge is to the notice dated 19.12.2022 issued under Section 13 (2) of the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (hereinafter to be referred to as the 2002 Act). A writ of mandamus is also sought directing the respondent to adhere to the repayment structure/OTS letter dated 01.09.2021 (Annexure P-2) and not to adopt any coercive steps against the petitioners.

2. We may take note that identical issue/prayer came to be raised in terms of filing CWP No.575-2023 (M/s Vatika One India Next Pvt.Ltd. and another v. Indiabulls Commercial Credit Ltd.). Such petition was at the hands of a group company and also assailed the termination of the repayment structure/OTS letter dated 01.09.2021 issued by Indiabulls Housing Finance Limited. Such petition came up for preliminary hearing before this Court on 18.01.2023 and while issuing notice for 23.02.2023, the respondent was restrained from taking any coercive steps pursuant to the impugned recall notice. The respondent filed SLP (C ) No.1855 of 2023 against the order dated 18.01.2023 passed by this Court and the SLP was disposed of vide order dated 30.01.2023 in the following terms:-

    UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following

ORDER

    1 A writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution has been instituted before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana by the respondents seeking a writ for:

    (i) Quashing a recall notice dated 10 November 2022 issued by the petitioner, which has terminated a repayment structure embodied in a One Time Settlement letter dated 1 September 2021 on the ground of default in timely payment of interest every month;

    (ii) Quashing a demand notice dated 12 December 2022 under section 13(2) of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act 2002 ; and

    (iii) Adherence to the terms of an OTS contained in a letter dated 1 September 2021.

    2 The Division Bench of the High Court, while entertaining the petition, by its order dated 18 January 2023, issued an interim direction by which coercive steps in pursuance of the recall notice dated 10 November 2022 are stayed till the next date of hearing.

    3 Mr. Shyam Divan, senior counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner, submits that:

    1 "OTS"

    2 "SARFAESI Act"

    (i) The petitioner being a private entity is not amenable to the writ jurisdiction of the High Court;

    (ii) In view of the provisions of the SARFAESI Act, the respondents would have to pursue their remedies after the adoption of measures under Section 13 (4) and, hence, a petition under Article 226 of the Constitution could not have been entertained.

    4. Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, senior counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents, responding to the above submissions, has sought to urge that the recall notice which was issued on 10 November 2022

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