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2015 Supreme(P&H) 2338

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
SUDEEPTI SHARMA, J.
New India Assurance Company Ltd. – Appellant
Versus
Gobind Ram and Others – Respondents
FAO No. 1952 of 2015, X-OBJC No. 264-CII of 2016
Decided On : 08-04-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Deepak Suri
For the Respondents: Nischal Chetanya Manchanda, Saksham Kaushik, R.S. Budhwar

Delay in lodging an FIR is not fatal to a motor accident claim if reasonably explained. Furthermore, compensation for pain, suffering, and medical expenses accrued during the victim's lifetime forms part of the estate, allowing legal heirs to claim such amounts even after the victim's death.

Headnote:(A) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 - Sections 166, 140, 141 - Motor accident claim - Negligence - Delay in lodging FIR - Whether fatal to claim - Held, no, if delay is reasonably explained by medical condition or settlement negotiations - (Paras 11-15).

(B) Compensation - Enhancement - Future prospects - Determination of - 10% addition to income is appropriate - (Para 23).

(C) Compensation - Pain and suffering - Inheritability - Amounts accrued during the lifetime of the injured victim, including medical expenses and pain and suffering, form part of the estate - Legal heirs are entitled to recover such amounts as representatives of the estate - (Paras 28-30).

Facts of the case:
An individual sustained grievous injuries in a motor accident. The insurance company challenged the liability, contending that the delay in lodging the FIR and the subsequent introduction of the vehicle indicated a fraudulent claim. The legal heirs of the deceased claimant filed cross-objections seeking enhancement of the compensation awarded by the tribunal.

Findings of Court:
The court upheld the finding of negligence, noting that the delay in the FIR was justified by the claimant's medical condition and ongoing settlement talks. The court further held that compensation for pain and suffering, along with other accrued expenses, forms part of the estate and is inheritable. The award was modified to include attendant charges, special diet, and loss of amenities, with an enhancement in the compensation for pain and suffering.

Issues: Whether the delay in lodging the FIR invalidates the claim; whether legal heirs are entitled to enhanced compensation for pain and suffering after the claimant's death; and whether the tribunal's assessment of compensation was just and reasonable.

Ratio Decidendi: Delay in lodging an FIR is not fatal to a claim if it is reasonably explained. Compensation for pain, suffering, and medical expenses that accrued during the victim's lifetime becomes part of the estate, and legal heirs are entitled to recover these amounts as representatives of the estate.

Result: Appeal dismissed; cross-objections allowed.

Table of Content
1. procedural context and factual background of the motor accident claim case. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. contention regarding the validity of the fir and adequacy of the compensation amount. (Para 8 , 9)
3. assessment of liability for rash and negligent driving based on evidence and eyewitness testimony. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
4. established norms for pecuniary and non-pecuniary compensation in injury cases. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
5. calculation/enhancement of compensation and the principle of estate recovery by legal heirs. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31)
6. final adjudication, award modification, and disbursement of enhanced compensation. (Para 32 , 33 , 34 , 35)

JUDGMENT :

SUDEEPTI SHARMA, J.

FAO-1952-2015 (O&M)

1. The present appeal has been preferred against award dated 18.03.2014 passed by the learned Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Kurukshetra (for short 'the Tribunal’) in the claim petition filed under Section 166 /140/141 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, on the ground that the appellant/ insurance company was wrongly held liable to pay the compensation to claimant/Gobind Ram (since deceased) to the tune of Rs.3,75,478/- along with interest @ 7.5% per annum.

XOBJC-264-CII-2016

2. The present cross-objections have been preferred by cross-objector/legal heirs of claimant-Gobind Ram (respondent No. 1 to 11 herein) against the 18.03.2014 passed by the learned Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Kurukshetra in the claim petition filed under Section 166 /140/141 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, for enhancement of compensation, granted to Gobind Ram (since deceased) to the tune of Rs.3,75,478/- along with interest @ 7.5% per annum on account of injuries suffered by him in the accident.

3. Since the appeal filed by the Insurance Company and the cross-objections filed by the cross-objectors/legal heirs of the claimant are arising out of the same award dated 18.03.2014 passed by the learned Tribunal, therefore, FAO-1952-2015 and XOBJC-264-CII-2016 are decided vide this common judgment.

BRIEF FACTS OF THE CASE

4. On 9.4.2013, claimant was going towards his house when at about 9.00 p.m., he reached a little ahead of Swami Dairy on Ladwa-Indri Road, Ladwa, respondent No.12-Amar Singh while driving motor cycle bearing registration No.HR-07H-9219 (here-in-after referred to as 'offending vehicle for brevity), rashly and negligently and at a very high speed, came from Ladwa side along with one pillion rider and directly hit the claimant; that due to that impact, claimant fell down and received injuries including fracture of left hip; that after causing the accident, respondent No.1 fled the spot; that accident was witnessed by Yogesh, who was nephew of claimant and was standing on Swami Dairy: that case for the commission of offences punishable under section 279 and 338 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 was registered against respondent No.12, who is facing trial before the learned Area Magistrate, Kurukshetra. Collusion between the claimant and respondents No.12 and 13.

5. Upon notice of the claim petition, respondents appeared and admitted the factum of compensation.

6. From the pleadings of the parties, the following issues were framed by the learned Tribunal :-

“1. Whether the accident in question took place on 9.4.2013 at about 2100 hours near Swami Dairy on Ladwa-Indri road, Ladwa under the jurisdiction of Police Station, Ladwa due to rash and negligent driving of the motor cycle bearing registration No.HR-07H-9219 by respondent No.1 and it resulted in injuries upon claimant Gobind Ram? OPP

2 If issue No.1 is proved in affirmative, what extent of compensation the petitioner would be entitled to and from whom? OPP

3. Whether the terms and conditions of insurance policy were violated by respondent No.1 and insurance Company is not liable to indemnify the compensation as alleged? OPR-3

4. Relief.”

7. After taking into consideration the pleadings and the evidence on record, the learned T

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