IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
SIDDHARTHA VARMA, VINOD DIWAKAR, JJ.
Rajesh and Others – Appellants
Versus
State – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 1620 of 1982
Decided On : 31-05-2024
MURDER - Homicide and Circumstantial Evidence - Sections 302, 201, 364 IPC; Section 27 Evidence Act - The court discussed the applicability of Sections 302 and 201 of the IPC concerning murder and destruction of evidence, and Section 27 of the Evidence Act regarding the admissibility of confessions leading to recoveries. The court emphasized the necessity of a strong motive and reliable witness testimony in circumstantial cases, ultimately concluding that the prosecution failed to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Fact of the Case:
Ajay Kumar, a student, went missing after being sent to retrieve diesel coupons from Rajesh Kumar, who had taken Rs. 700 from the informant. After a missing report was filed, Ajay's body was discovered in a room linked to Rajesh, leading to charges of murder against Rajesh, Rajguru, and Ombir.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the prosecution's case relied heavily on circumstantial evidence, which was insufficient to establish guilt. The motive was deemed weak, and the recovery of the body was not conducted in accordance with legal standards, leading to doubts about the integrity of the evidence.
Issues: 1. Whether the motive for the murder was strong enough to support a conviction. 2. Whether the circumstantial evidence presented was sufficient to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. 3. Whether the recovery of the body was admissible under Section 27 of the Evidence Act.
Ratio Decidendi: The court reiterated that for a conviction based on circumstantial evidence, the prosecution must establish a clear motive, reliable witness testimony, and a chain of evidence that excludes all reasonable doubts regarding the innocence of the accused. The failure to meet these standards led to the conclusion that the prosecution had not proven its case.
Final Decision: The appeal was allowed, the conviction was quashed, and the appellants were acquitted of all charges due to insufficient evidence and reasonable doubt regarding their guilt.
JUDGMENT :
1. When the deceased Ajay Kumar who was a student of B.A. in the D.A.V. College had gone missing then an application for missing/first information report was lodged on 8.1.1980 with allegations that the first informant had given Rajesh Kumar, a friend of his nephew Ajay Kumar, Rs. 700/-for getting diesel which was in short supply then, on 6.1.1980 at around 5:00PM and when till 7.1.980 till around 11:00AM, Rajesh Kumar did not come with the diesel then he sent his nephew Ajay Kumar to him who thereafter went missing. It had further been stated in the application/first information report that despite extensive search Ajay Kumar had not been found. He states that even Rajesh Kumar also was not to be found. The first informant/applicant, therefore, prayed that Ajay Kumar, his nephew, be searched out.
2. This application/F.I.R., with regard to Ajay Kumar going missing, was entered in the Police Report at GD-25. The chick as was prepared of the first information report lodged was exhibited as Exhibit – Ka-8 and was written by the Head Moharrir Jagdish Sharan for offences under Section 364 IPC. On. 8.1.1980 investigation of the case was entrusted to the PW-10 Rajendra Pal Jain, Sub-Inspector and he commenced the search for Ajay Kumar. Thereafter, the investigation was handed over to PW-13 K.C. Tyagi, who in the course of investigation reached Sarwat Gate and from an informer he got information that the accused Rajesh Kumar had gone a little earlier towards Minakshi Talkies and from there he could be arrested. On the basis of this information along with police personnel on 9.1.1980 in a patrol car PW-13 reached the cross-road of Minakshi Talkies where he came across witnesses Kharag Singh, Rishipal, Yusuf and Rajeshwar and took them alongwith him.
3. From the record, it appears that Rajesh was seen approaching the Investigating Officer from the side of the Minakshi Talkies. The appellant-accused Rajesh Kumar was thereafter arrested at around 6:00pm. Upon an interrogation the accused Rajesh told that he could lead the police party to the clothes, with which the dead body of the deceased Ajay Kumar, was wrapped. He also stated that he would get recovered the baniyan and other clothes which could be found in the room of the house of one Sukhveer situate in Mohalla Keshavpuri wherein in room no. 14 one Ombir (another accused) lived. Upon getting this information, PW-13 K.C. Tyagi reached the Room No. 14 where, it had been stated by Rajesh that, the dead body was to be found. He had stated that in the Room No. 14 of the premises owned by PW-12, Sukhveer Singh, the dead body was to be found wrapped in a bedding below the cot.
4. When the police party along with the accused Rajesh reached the room in question, the key of the lock was not there with Rajesh and, therefore, PW-13, the Investigating Officer K.C. Tyagi, pushed the door and the door opened. It has been stated in the statement of the PW-13 that the time at which the door was opened was around 7.45PM. Thereupon, Rajesh entered the room and in the light of various torches the bedding was taken out in which the dead body of Ajay Kumar was allegedly wrapped. The bedding was opened in the presence of witnesses and the corpse of the deceased Ajay was recovered and it was identified by the witnesses. A slip of plastic was found on the neck of the deceased and a baniyan was also found stuffed inside his mouth. There and then, it has been alleged that the recovery memo was prepared as Exhibit – Ka-2 by PW-13 in the presence of witnesses who had accompanied him to the spot. Thereafter, recovery memo of the said dead body was sent by the PW-13, K.C. Tyagi, along with constables – Satyapal and Baburam – for adding Section 302 and 201 IPC in the first information report which was already lodged on 8.1.1980.
5. Further case of the prosecution is that thereafter when there was shortage of light in the evening of 9.1.1980, the inquest was not done there and then in the night but was adjourn
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