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2024 Supreme(All) 638

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
VIVEK KUMAR BIRLA, DONADI RAMESH, JJ.
Shashi Kant Tiwari – Appellant
Versus
High Court Of Judicature At Allahabad And 2 Others – Respondents
Writ A No. 12307 of 2019
Decided on : 23-04-2024

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Sushil Kumar Shukla, Shashi Kant Shukla
For the Respondent: Ashish Mishra

An advocate ceases to practice when engaged in full-time employment, rendering them ineligible for judicial recruitment under Article 233(2) of the Constitution.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 233(2) - Advocates Act, 1961 - Rule 49 - Eligibility for appointment as District Judge - The petitioner, a registered advocate since 1998, was denied selection due to full-time employment as a Law Officer, which interrupted his practice. The court upheld the Selection Committee's finding that he lacked the requisite seven years of continuous practice as he could not count time spent in full-time employment. The law stipulates that engaging in full-time employment as an advocate ceases practice under Rule 49 of the Advocates Act. (Paras 11-24)

(B) Employment Status - Judicial Service - Employment as Law Officer - Employment conditions disallowed practice as an advocate leading to ineligibility for judicial appointments. The ruling clarifies that only advocates engaged in practice as defined can be eligible for District Judge positions. The conditions set forth by Article 233(2) of the Constitution and relevant rules prohibit full-time employment during law practice. (Paras 12-26)

(C) Representation - The court rejected arguments based on the nature of work performed as an advocate within a corporate structure, emphasizing that the primary role defined by contract must be adhered to. (Paras 22-24)

Table of Content
1. the initial hearing outlines the structure of employment and intentions regarding examination. (Para 1)
2. factual background of the petitioner's case and attempts in examinations (Para 2 , 3)
3. arguments challenging the rejection based on employment circumstances (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
4. court’s analysis of the implications of full-time employment on advocacy eligibility (Para 8 , 10 , 11)
5. establishment of eligibility criteria from constitutional and statutory provisions (Para 12 , 13 , 16 , 18)
6. the court's conclusion reiterates the requirement of continuous practice for eligibility. (Para 19 , 20)
7. court’s final dismissal of the petition based on established criteria (Para 22 , 24 , 25)

JUDGMENT :

Vivek Kumar Birla, J.

1. Heard Sri Shashi Kant Shukla along with Sri Sushil Kumar Shukla, learned counsel for the petitioner and Sri Ashish Mishra, learned counsel appearing for the respondents-High Court.

2. Present petition has been filed with the following prayers:-

    “I. Issue a writ order of direction in the nature of certiorari to quash the impugned order dated 08.05.2019 vide Memo No. 232/S & A Cell/2-019 passed by respondent no. 2 Registrar (J) Selection and Appointment/Seniority High Court of Judicature at Allahabad.

    II. Issue a writ order of direction in the nature of mandamus commanding and directing the respondents to declare the result of the petitioner as finally selected candidate in Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Service Examination 2016 bearing roll No. 6242.

    III. Issue a writ order of direction in the nature of mandamus commanding the respondents to issue the appointment letter to the petitioner as finally selected candidate in Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Service Examination 2016 bearing roll No. 6242.”

3. As stated, the case of the petitioner is that the petitioner is a practising lawyer and was registered as an Advocate on 16.11.1998 in Bar Council of Uttar Pradesh. He was appointed as Law Officer on 15.1.2009 in a company with the name and style of Alliance Builders and Contractors Limited, Bareilly (hereinafter referred as the Company). It is alleged that he was representing on behalf of the Company in different courts of law, a copy of the appointment letter dated 15.1.2009 has been annexed as Annexure-3 to the writ petition. It is the case of the petitioner that he was simultaneously also appearing for private clients and had filed several Vakalatnamas on behalf of other litigants as well in various courts of law during the year 2009-10. He appeared in Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Services Examination, 2009 and in the Form the fact regarding his legal services to the abovenoted Company has been mentioned. He was qualified the prelims as well as the written examination and was called for interview but he was not permitted to participate in the interview on the ground that he is a salary paid employee. As he intended to appear in Higher Judicial Services Examination, therefore, he moved an application dated 1.1.2010 before the Managing Director of the Company tendering his resignation, copy whereof has been annexed as Annexure-14 to the writ petition. The resignation of the petitioner was accepted by the Company and relieving order was passed on 1.2.2010. Subsequently, the petitioner appeared in Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Services Examination, 2012 and was again successful in prelims as well as in the written examination and was called for interview, however, as he has obtained only 21 marks out of 100 marks, therefore, his name did not figure in the select list. He again appeared in Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Services Examination, 2014 but could not qualify the written examination. The petitioner again applied in April 2016 for Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Services Examination, 2016 against 72 vacancies so advertised. He filled up the Form on 6.6.2016 (Annexure-19 to the writ petition), however, it is claimed that due to inadvertent mistake some facts were wrongly mentioned by the petitioner

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