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2023 Supreme(All) 2275

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
KSHITIJ SHAILENDRA, J.
Leellu - Petitioner
Versus
State of U.P. and 3 Others - Respondents
WRIT C NO. 4745 OF 2023.
Decided On : 09-02-2023

Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner: Amish Kumar Srivastava, Sanju Lata.
For the Respondent: C.S.C., Kaushal Kishore Mani.

Headnote:(A) U.P. Revenue Code, 2006 - Sections 67 and 225-A; U.P. Revenue Code Rules, 2016 - Rules 67 and 186 - Eviction proceedings - Quashing of the ex-parte order issued by the Tehsildar for eviction and penalty due to violation of principles of natural justice. The petitioner was given insufficient time to respond to the show-cause notice, leading to an unjust order. Court emphasized that natural justice is a foundational aspect of administrative processes. (Paras 11, 33, 36, 37)

(B) Natural Justice - The principles, namely, 'audi alteram partem' and 'nemo judex in causa sua', require that no party should be condemned unheard and one cannot judge their own case. (Paras 20, 28, 35)

(C) Administrative Proceedings - The haste shown by the Tahsildar contradicted the requirements for providing a fair opportunity and evaluating objections appropriately. (Paras 18, 36)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner sought to quash the Tehsildar's order evicting him, following an ex-parte process with inadequate notice period. He applied for restoration of the order after realizing the impermissibility of the earlier proceedings.

Findings of Court:
The court ruled that the proceedings were vitiated due to the failure to observe natural justice and therefore quashed the Tehsildar's order.

Issues: Whether the principles of natural justice were violated in the eviction proceedings, particularly regarding notice and opportunity to respond.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that administrative action must adhere to natural justice principles, emphasizing the importance of giving adequate notice and opportunity to contest before adverse action is taken.

Result: Writ petition allowed, and the eviction order quashed.

Table of Content
1. writ petitions for quashing eviction orders. (Para 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. legal standards for notice under u.p. revenue code. (Para 6 , 8)
3. court's adherence to statutory provisions. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
4. principles of natural justice defined. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
5. interpretation of natural justice in administrative actions. (Para 29 , 30)
6. implications of hasty decisions by administrative authorities. (Para 33 , 34 , 35)
7. writ granted quashing previous order. (Para 36 , 37 , 38)

JUDGMENT

Kshitij Shailendra, J.

Heard Shri Amish Kumar Srivastava along with Ms. Sanju Lata, learned counsel for the petitioner, learned Standing Counsel for the State respondents and Shri Kaushal Kishore Mani, learned counsel for respondent No. 4.

2. The petitioner has made two prayers in the writ petition. The first prayer is for quashing of the order dated 04.01.2023, whereby the Tehsildar concerned has directed eviction of the petitioner in the proceedings under section 67 of U.P. Revenue Code, 2006 and also imposed penalty to the extent of Rs. 1,36,600/-. The second prayer is for deciding the restoration application filed by the petitioner on 16.01.2023 seeking recall of the order dated 04.01.2023.

3. Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the Tehsildar, Nakud, Saharanpur issued a notice dated 26.12.2022 in purported exercise of powers under section 67 (2) of U.P. Revenue Code, 2006 calling upon the petitioner to remove his alleged unauthorised possession within a period of two days fixing 28.12.2022 at 10.00 a.m. for compliance of notice and to show cause. The notice states that in case objections are not filed against the show cause notice within the aforesaid date and time, the case shall be decided ex-parte.

4. The relevant portion of notice dated 26.12.2022 reads as under:

5. Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the very next week, the impugned order dated 04.01.2023 has been passed observing that despite service of notice, the petitioner has not made any opposition hence the case proceeded day by day. It is the case of the petitioner that the order dated 04.01.2023 being ex-parte and in violation of the principles of Natural Justice, he immediately preferred a recall application dated 16.01.2023 stating that immediately after having come to know about the order dated 04.01.2023, restoration/recall application is being moved, which should be allowed.

6. Learned counsel for the petitioner has placed reliance upon the provisions of section 67 of U.P. Revenue Code, 2006, sub-sections (2) and (3), whereof read as follows:

    67. Power to prevent damages, misappropriation and wrongful occupation of Gram Panchayat property. -

    (2) Where from the information received under sub-section (1) or otherwise, the Assistant Collector is satisfied that any property referred to in sub-section (1) has been damaged or misappropriated, or any person is in occupation of any land referred to in that sub-section in contravention of the provisions of this Code, he shall issue notice to the person concerned to show cause why compensation for damage, misappropriation or wrongful occupation not exceeding the amount specified in the notice be not recovered from him and why he should not be evicted from such land.

    (3) If the person to whom a notice has been issued under sub-section (2) fails to show cause within the time specified in the notice or within such extended time as the Assistant Collector may allow in this behalf, or if the cause shown is found to be insufficient, the Assistant Collector may direct that such person shall be evicted from the land, and may, for that purpose, use or cause to be used such force as may be necessary, and may direct that the amount of compensation for damage or misappropriation of the property or for wrongful occupation as the case may be, be recovered from such person as arrears of land revenue."

7. He has also placed reliance upon Rule 67 of the Rules framed under the Act in 2016, which reads as f

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