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2023 Supreme(All) 2657

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
SAUMITRA DAYAL SINGH, VINOD DIWAKAR, JJ.
A.S. Solanki - Petitioner
Versus
State of U.P. and Others - Respondents
WRIT TAX NO. - 1499 OF 2005.
Decided On : 03-07-2023

Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner: M Manglik, Kunwar.Saxena, Rahul Agarwal, Santosh Misra.
For the Respondent: C.S.C.

Headnote:(A) U.P. Trade Tax Act, 1948 - Section 8 - Corporate veil - The court ruled on the ability of tax authorities to lift the corporate veil of a corporation to pursue tax liabilities from its directors when evidence of wrongdoing is presented. Lack of evidence regarding misconduct by the directors led to the conclusion that corporate protections should remain intact. (Paras 70, 79, 28)

(B) Directors' Liability - The principle of lifting the corporate veil is not routine, requiring substantial evidence of malfeasance or fraud. Absent such evidence, directors are not personally liable for corporate debts. (Paras 70, 71)

(C) Burden of Proof - The revenue authorities hold the burden of proof when invoking the doctrine of lifting the corporate veil, necessitating solid factual foundations. (Paras 79)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners, former directors of Maharashtra Steel Ltd., challenged the recovery of tax dues against the company, arguing no personal misconduct had been established. The Supreme Court had previously ruled that corporate personality protects directors unless conduct suggests otherwise.

Findings of Court:
The High Court found no grounds to lift the corporate veil, thereby allowing the writ of mandamus to restrain the recovery of tax dues from the petitioners' personal assets, allowing recovery from the corporation's assets instead.

Issues: The main issues concerned the conditions under which tax liabilities could be imposed on directors and the standard of evidence required to lift the corporate veil.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the necessity for clear evidence of wrongdoing to lift the corporate veil and hold directors personally liable. Recovery from personal assets should be supported by concrete evidence of malfeasance or other relevant acts.

Result: Writ petition allowed.

Table of Content
1. petition for relief against recovery certificate. (Para 2 , 3)
2. supreme court intervention overview. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. arguments against personal liability of directors. (Para 9 , 10)
4. legal interpretation of corporate veil lifting. (Para 14 , 15 , 16)
5. clarifications on lifting corporate veil criteria. (Para 20 , 21)
6. establishing limits to liability under corporate veil doctrine. (Para 24 , 25)
7. concluding order and commands. (Para 28 , 29)

JUDGMENT

Saumitra Dayal Singh, J.

Heard Shri Rahul Agarwal, learned counsel for the petitioners and Sri Ankur Agarwal, learned Standing Counsel for the State.

2. Originally the present petition was filed before this Court in the year 2005 seeking the following relief:-

    "(a) Issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of certiorari quashing the impugned recovery certificates, issued by the respondent no.3 on the direction of respondent no.4 (Annexure-4).

    (b) Issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of mandamus commanding the respondents and restraining them from recovery of the amount against the company from the personal assets of the petitioner in any manner whatsoever.

    (c) Issue such other and further writ, order or direction, which this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and proper in the interest of justice."

3. After exchange of the affidavits, the writ Court proceeded to dismiss the writ petition vide its order dated 20th September, 2012. In doing so, the co-ordinate bench of this Court noted the earlier law on the subject-lifting of corporate veil, to enforce the tax liability of a corporate entity on its directors and other functionaries etc. While dismissing the writ petition, the co-ordinate bench made the following observations:-

    "28. In the present case from the material on record, there is no doubt that the petitioners and other directors persuaded the BIFR to allow them to run the sick industrial company with fresh infusion of funds from IFCI with two nominee directors of IFCI. The company started business in 1991. The application for eligibility certificate under Section 4-A was made with false declaration that the plant and machinery is new. The eligibility certificate was not granted. Initially the company was doing well but as soon as Shri I.S. Gambhir and Shri L.K. Luthra took over successively as Managing Directors of the company, they started defrauding in payment of sales tax both State and Central; the excise dues and electricity dues. They incurred liability of several crores of rupees and did not participate in the proceedings of assessment. The date, when the company again stopped production, has not come on record. However, it is clear from the material placed before us, that the company started production with fresh capital given by IFCI, only to defraud the secured creditors to avoid taxes and electricity dues. The directors of the company hiding behind the corporate veil made use of the corporate entity under the umbrella of BIFR to circumvent statutes, commit illegality and evade the liability of payment of taxes, central excise dues and electricity dues. The returns were not filed. The entire amount was utilised for personal gains. The directors used the State resources for enriching themselves. They robbed the coffers of the State while sitting in Delhi. The corporate veil under the patronage of BIFR was used as subterfuge to avoid payment of taxes. In the facts and circumstances we do not find any good ground to interfere with the recoveries from the personal assets of the petitioners."

4. The petitioner carried the matter to the Supreme Court in Civil Appeal No.852 of 2021 ( A.S. Solanki v. State of U.P. and others). In the connected matter being Writ Tax No.1464 of 2005 ( Jagbir Singh v. State of U.P. and others) similar facts exist. It met the same fate. That order (of this Court) came to be challenged before the Supreme Court in Civil Appeal No.853 of 2021.

5. Both Civil Appeal Nos.852 of 2021 and 853 of 2021 were disposed of

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