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2026 Supreme(All) 462

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
SIDDHARTHA VARMA, JAI KRISHNA UPADHYAY, JJ.
Kiranpal Alias Kiran – Appellant 
Versus
State of U.P. – Respondent 
CRIMINAL APPEAL No. - 6007 of 2018
Decided on : 03-06-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Dharmendra Kumar Chaubey, Ishwar Chandra Tyagi, Pravin Kumar Tiwari, Shiv Prasad

The testimony of a victim in a sexual offence case may serve as the sole basis for a conviction if the evidence is found to be wholly reliable, credible, and inspires confidence. Corroboration is a matter of judicial prudence rather than a mandatory requirement of law.

Headnote:(A) Criminal Law - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 376 and 323 - Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 - Sections 5 and 6 - Sexual assault on minor - Credibility of victim testimony - Conviction based on sole testimony of prosecutrix - Validity thereof - Legal principle that conviction can be founded on sole testimony of victim if it is 'wholly reliable' and inspires confidence - Corroboration is not a rule of law but a guidance of prudence. (Paras 25, 26, 31)

(B) Evidence - Testimony of victim - Weightage - Evidence of a victim of sexual assault is considered vital and on par with that of an injured witness - Court must scrutinize the evidence with care and circumspection to ensure it inspires confidence before relying on it for conviction. (Paras 27, 28, 29)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was convicted for the abduction, rape, and physical assault of a minor child who was found in a distressing condition the morning after the incident. The prosecution relied primarily on the testimony of the victim and corroborating medical evidence indicating injuries consistent with sexual assault. The trial court convicted the accused following its evaluation of the evidence, leading to this appeal against the judgment.

Findings of Court:
The testimony of the victim was found to be consistent, clear, and natural throughout the proceedings. The medical evidence corroborated the oral testimony regarding the nature and timing of the injuries. The court held that the evidence was sufficient to prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt and that the trial court's decision was based on a proper appreciation of facts and law.

Issues: The central issues addressed were whether a conviction can be sustained solely on the testimony of a minor victim of sexual assault, and whether the trial court erred in its assessment of the evidence on record.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the testimony of a victim in sexual offence cases, if found worthy of credence, requires no corroboration for conviction. The court must evaluate such evidence with care and caution, but once it satisfies the conscience of the court and is found unblemished or of 'sterling quality,' it serves as a sufficient basis for conviction, particularly given the gruesome nature of the crimes against children.

Result: Appeal dismissed; conviction and sentence affirmed.

Table of Content
1. factual background and procedural history of the conviction. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
2. summary of rival contentions regarding evidence reliability. (Para 21 , 22)
3. sole testimony of sexual assault victim is sufficient for conviction if reliable. (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31)
4. application of evidentiary standards to confirm the appellant's guilt. (Para 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37)
5. formal dismissal of criminal appeal and sentencing affirmation. (Para 38 , 39)

JUDGMENT :

JAI KRISHNA UPADHYAY, J.

1. This criminal appeal has been preferred by the accused appellant against the judgment and order dated 24.8.2018 passed by the Additional District & Sessions Judge-VIII/, Special Judge (POCSO Act), Muzaffarnagar in Special Session Trial No. 151 of 2015 (State vs. Kiranpal @ Kiran), arising out of Case Crime No. 660 of 2014, Police Station Nai Mandi, District Muzaffarnagar, convicting the appellant for the offences punishable under Sections 376, 323 of IPC and 5/6 POCSO Act and sentencing him to undergo rigorous imprisonment of life and a fine of Rs. 25,000/- under Section 6 POCSO Act and to undergo six months imprisonment for the offence under Section 323 of IPC.

2. All the sentences were directed to run concurrently with default clause.

3. The facts of the case, in nutshell, as unfolded by the informant Tejvir Singh son of Samey Singh in the First Information Report (in short 'F.I.R.') are that in the night of 8/9.7.2014, the informant along with his wife Nirmala was sleeping near the animals and inside the house, the informant’s sister, Satviri was sleeping with her children Komal and Chhotu and the informant's daughter, victim, who was about 10 years old. During the night, an unidentified individual abducted the daughter of the informant. In the morning, when victim was not found on her cot, the informant and his family members searched for her and at about 5:30 AM, the informant's neighbor, Ompal Prajapati, brought the victim home and reported that he had found the girl near the school and he noted that her condition was poor and it appeared that the child had been raped and subjected to physical injury.

4. On the basis of the written report (Ext. ka-1), chik First Information Report was registered at Police Station concerned on 9.7.2014 as Case Crime No. 660 of 2014, under Sections 376, 323 IPC and ¾ POCSO Act. After lodging of the FIR, the informant gave another report (tehrir) to the effect that in the night of 8/9.7.2014, he had filed a complaint against unknown persons regarding the rape and physical assault of her daughter, victim. On July 9, 2014, when his daughter regained consciousness, she uttered the name "Kiran." He then asked her whether the incident had been perpetrated by Kiran, Sukhbir's son-in-law, who belongs to the ‘Bhangi’ community. Upon hearing this, tears welled up in his daughter's eyes, and she lost consciousness once again. He was now fully convinced that the crime was committed by Kiran, who resides right in his neighborhood. It was also possible that another young man was involved in the incident alongwith him.

5. Investigation in the matter was initiated by S.I. Jitendra Kumar Sharma. He inspected the place of occurrence and prepared site plan (Ext. ka-8). The Investigating Officer recorded the statement of the witnesses. Injured was medically examined and injury report was prepared. Statements of the victim under Sections 161 and 164 CrPC were also recorded. Memo in regard to pant shirt and underwear of the accused and kurti and salwar of the victim was prepared and sent for FSL. Memo in regard to plain soil and bloodstained soil was also prepared and the same were also sent for FSL.

6. On medical examination of the victim, following internal injuries were found :

“1. Both labia minora were red from the inner side.

2. Redness was present on the vestibule.

3. Hymen 'vaginal membrane' was lacerated at

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