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2023 Supreme(UK) 694

IN THE HIGH COURT OF UTTARAKHAND AT NAINITAL
Vipin Sanghi, C.J., Rakesh Thapliyal, J.
Mumtaj Ahmed – Appellant
Versus
Alisa & Anr. – Respondents
First Appeal No.70 of 2023
Decided On : 11-05-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr.Vikas Kumar Guglani, learned counsel

Headnote:(A) Family Courts Act, 1984 - Section 19 - The appellant sought a declaration that his Muslim marriage was void due to the respondent's prior marriage under Hindu law. The Family Court dismissed the suit, citing hearsay evidence and the incompatibility of the parties' religions. (Paras 1, 2, 3, 4)

(B) Marriage - Validity under the law - A marriage between individuals of different religions requires adherence to the Special Marriage Act, and mere assertions without substantial proof do not suffice under law. (Paras 4, 5)

Facts of the case:
The appellant, married to respondent No.1 since October 15, 2015, claimed their marriage was void due to respondent No.1's prior marriage with respondent No.2 on September 13, 2015. The Family Court dismissed the appellant's suit, determining reliance on hearsay and the validity of the marriage given the conflicting religions.

Findings of Court:
The Family Court found that evidence of the previous marriage was insufficient, reinforcing that a marriage between a Hindu and a Muslim could only be validly conducted under the Special Marriage Act.

Issues: The main issues included whether the appellant's claims were substantiated by legal evidence and whether the supposed Hindu marriage could be recognized under Indian law.

Ratio Decidendi: The court affirmed that without substantial evidence of marriage and due to the parties' adherence to different religions, the appellant's claims were legally untenable, and any purported Hindu marriage lacked legal recognition.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. grounds for contesting validity of marriage. (Para 1 , 2)
2. need for actual evidence of marriage. (Para 3)
3. legal recognition of marriage under certain conditions. (Para 4)
4. dismissal of appeal due to lack of merit. (Para 5 , 6 , 7)

JUDGMENT :

Vipin Sanghi, J.

The present first appeal, under Section 19 of the FAMILY COURTS ACT , is directed against the judgment and decree dated 28.02.2023, passed by the learned Judge, Family Court I, Rudrapur, District Udham Singh Nagar, in Family Case (Civil Case) No.604 of 2018, preferred by the appellant against his respondent wife. By the impugned judgment, the learned Judge, Family Court, has dismissed the suit filed by the appellant.

2. The appellant had admittedly solemnized a Muslim marriage with the respondent No.1 Smt.Alisa on 15.10.2015. From their wedlock they have been blessed with a daughter. The appellant filed the said suit to seek a declaration that the marriage between the plaintiff and the defendant No.1 was void on the ground that respondent No.1 was already married to respondent No.2 Sri Sanjay Arya on 13.09.2015. The case of the appellant was that, at the time of his marriage with respondent No.1, he was not informed of the fact that respondent No.2 had taken away respondent No.1 with him to Chandigarh, where they had performed Hindu marriage, and even consummated the marriage. The appellant placed reliance on the record relating to POCSO case No.245 of 2015, in support of his case, that the respondents had performed a Hindu marriage. The statement of respondent No.1 recorded under Section 164 Cr.P.C., and the statement of her mother, were relied upon by the appellant.

3. The learned Judge, Family Court, has, however, not accepted the said plea by observing that production of mere statements was hear say evidence, and there was no actual evidence of marriage being performed between the two respondents, produced by the appellant.

4. We have perused the record, and we concur with the conclusions of the learned Judge, Family Court, for yet another reason. Respondent No.1 admittedly is Muslim by religion, whereas respondent No.2 admittedly is Hindu by religion. The case set up by the appellant in his suit was that they had conducted Hindu marriage, which was not possible, since it was not even the case of the appellant in his suit, that respondent No.1 had converted to Hinduism by giving up Muslim religion. A marriage between a Hindu and a Muslim could be performed only under the Special Marriage Act, and, therefore, even if the version of the appellant were to be accepted, the so called Hindu marriage is no marriage in the eyes of law.

5. Aforesaid being the position, we find no reason to interfere with the impugned judgment.

6. The appeal is, accordingly, dismissed.

7. Stay application (IA No.01 of 2023) also stands disposed of.

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