IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH
Vijay Kumar Shukla and Hirdesh, JJ.
Banti @ Bharat Jat @ Bhura v. The State of Madhya Pradesh
Criminal Appeal No. 1107 of 2012 (Indore): against the judgment dated 21.8.2012 passed by the Special Judge (Atrocities),
Indore in Special Session Trial No. 64/2010;
Decided on 29.5.2024
(1) Criminal Trial -- case based on circumstantial evidence -- panchsheel principles must be fulfilled. AIR 1984 SC 1622 followed. [Para 13]
(2) Evidence -- contradictions and omissions -- it is the duty of defence lawyer to prove that contradictions and omissions can hit root of case -- if contradictions and omissions do not hit root of case then they are not material -- in lengthy cross-examination, some omissions and contradictions may be outcome of evidence. 1999 (2) JLJ 354 (SC), 2014 LawSuit (SC) 516 and (2011) 10 SCC 158 followed. [Paras 17 & 19]
(3) Criminal Trial -- evidence of last seen together -- is to be dealt with carefully -- evidence is to be seen to be completing the chain of circumstances. 2023 SCC Online SC 32 followed. [Para 21]
(4) Penal Code, 1860 -- S. 376(2)(f) -- Evidence Act, 1872 -- Ss. 27 and 106 -- case based on circumstantial evidence -- prosecution established last seen theory against appellant -- seizure of skirt of deceased, stone and clothes of accused which were worn at time of incident duly proved on basis of memorandum u/s. 27 -- human blood found on soil seized from spot and stone seized from accused -- DNA report also found affirmative in regard to appellant -- according to FSL report, sperm found on Bermuda worn by appellant at time of incident and vaginal swab of deceased -- FSL report and DNA report not challenged in cross-examination -- as per S. 106 of Evidence Act, it was duty of appellant to explain presence of human blood and sperm -- he could not rebut this fact in defence -- has not stated single word about it in his statement u/s. 313 of CrPC therefore, even if blood group is not mentioned in FSL report, it will not help -- chain of circumstance is complete against appellant -- conviction and sentence upheld. [Paras 21 to 28]
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JUDGMENT
1. This criminal appeal has been filed preferred by the appellant being aggrieved by the judgment dated 21.8.2012 passed by passed by Special Judge, SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, Indore in Special Session Trial No.64/2010 whereby the trial Court has convicted the appellant of offence punishable under section 376 (2)(F) of IPC and sentenced him to undergo 10 years’ R.I. with fine of Rs.1000/- and in default of payment of fine, three months’ additional imprisonment.
2. According to prosecution story, on 7.6.2010 at 11.30 a.m. blooded dead-body of victim aged 5 years daughter of Laaduram Bhilala was found from railway campus of Cabin “C” under the Rajkumar Bridge, Indore. Then it was informed by PW-3 Mukesh Aacharya, Superintendent, Railway Station vide Ex.P-1 to GRP Police Station, Indore, which was registered as Merg intimation No.15/2010 at police station -Tukoganj, Indore. Sub-inspector Irfaan Saiyad PW-17 enquired the Merg by reaching at spot and prepared spot map Ex.P-25 and scientific officer also prepared spot map Ex.P-12. PW-1 Sub-inspector Irfaan Saiyad seized plain soil and blooded soil from the spot and prepared seizure memo Ex.P-1 and prepared dead-body Panchayatnama Ex.P-23 in presence of witnesses and then after prepared application form Ex.P-9 and sent dead-body for postmortem. In postmortem report, Dr. Prashant Rajput PW-8 found that the death is caused by injuries on the head and also gave information that before the death of deceased the victim was raped.
3. Police registered F.I.R. and during investigation police found that the accused took victim with him by alluring her or bringing biscuits and raped and assaulted her by stone causing death of the victim. Police arrested the accused and prepared memorandum under section 27 of Evidence Act Ex.P-4 and seized skirt of the deceased and clothes worn by the accused and prepared seizure memo Ex.P-5 and Ex.P-6. Accused/appellant was sent to hospital for medical examination. Doctor gave report that he was competent to do intercourse. During investigation, police seized his underwear, his pubic hair and prepared urethral slide and sealed it. Police prepared identification form of the accused for DNA report and sent it for FSL report vide Ex.P-20. During investigation, police took statements of witnesses and after completing due investigation filed charge-sheet before the magistrate Court. After committal, this case was sent to Special Judge, SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act for trial.
4. Appellant abjured his guilt and sought trial. In turn, prosecution in order to prove its case examined 17 witnesses. After completion of prosecution witnesses, the appellant was examined under section 313 of Cr.P.C. Appellant took defence that he has not committed the offence he was falsely implicated in the offence. He did not examine any witness in his defence. After concluding the trial, the trial Court held the appellant guilty for the offence and sentenced him as mentioned above.
5. Being aggrieved by the impugned judgment, appellant has filed this appeal and submitted that trial Court has committed grave error in not considering the fact that case of the prosecution is based on circumstantial evidence and it is settled law that without establishment of chain of circumstances, appellant cannot be convicted.
6. Learned counsel for the appellant submits that chain of circumstances has not been established by the prosecution and conviction is based on last seen theory. In this regard, prosecution witnesses PW-5 Ravi and PW-2 Sukhdev were examined by the prosecution but there are so many contradictions and omissions in the statements of PW-2 and PW-5 and trial Court has committed error in relying the evidence of these two witnesses. He further submits that prosecution has not been able to prove the memorandum Ex.P-4 and seizure memo Ex.P-5 and Ex.P-6. These seizures and memorandum were doubtful. He further submits that FSL report and DNA report are weak type of ev
The sufficiency of circumstantial evidence and the last seen theory in establishing the guilt of the accused.
Conviction based on circumstantial evidence requires a complete chain proving guilt beyond reasonable doubt; mere suspicion is insufficient.
Circumstantial evidence alone, especially the last seen theory without corroboration, is insufficient for conviction; guilt must be established beyond reasonable doubt.
The main legal point established in the judgment is the application of the 'last seen together theory' and the reliance on circumstantial evidence, medical evidence, and recovery evidence to establis....
The sufficiency of circumstantial evidence and the need for a complete chain of evidence to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
A conviction based on circumstantial evidence requires a complete chain of evidence that excludes all reasonable hypotheses of innocence.
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