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IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH
Anand Pathak and Roopesh Chandra Varshney, JJ.
Hindustan Commercial Corporation Pvt. Ltd. v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Others
Writ Appeal No. 429 of 2016 (Gwalior): arising from the order dated 2.12.2016 passed in Writ Petition No. 4032 of 2005 against the order dated 12.9.2005 passed by the Commissioner, Gwalior Division; Decided on 11.12.2024
(1) Lok Parisar (Bedakhali) Adhiniyam, 1974 (M. P.) -- S. 5 -- challenge to order of eviction -- Government cancelled allotment/lease deed granted to petitioner -- petitioner never challenged said basic order -- challenged consequential order of eviction -- held -- challenging consequential order without challenging basic order not permissible.(1977) 3 SCC 255, (2010) 1 SCC 756, (2010) 1 SCC 417 followed. [Paras 22 & 24
(2) Procedure -- challenging consequential order without challenging basic order -- not permissible. (1977) 3 SCC 255, (2010) 1 SCC 756, (2010) 1 SCC 417 followed. [Para 22
(3) Zamindari Abolition Act, Samvat 2008 (M. B.) -- Ss. 2(3)(b) and 3 -- applicability of Act -- erstwhile Gwalior State granted lease of land on 11.2.1943 and permission was granted to start factory on terms and conditions mentioned therein -- said land was never agricultural land -- did not fall under Zamindari Act. [Paras 28 & 29
(4) Lease -- in earlier writ petition, petitioner alleged that land in question was never granted on lease to him therefore provisions of Bedakhali Adhiniyam not applicable -- writ Court directed competent authority to decide such objection and thereafter proceed further -- competent authority rejected objection -- this order not challenged by petitioner -- order attained finality -- petitioner cannot assert question of grant of lease. [Para 30
(5) Estoppel -- in earlier writ petition, petitioner alleged that land in question was never granted on lease to him therefore provisions of Bedakhali Adhiniyam not applicable -- writ Court directed competent authority to decide such objection and thereafter proceed further -- competent authority rejected objection -- this order not challenged by petitioner -- order attained finality -- petitioner cannot assert question of grant of lease. [Para 30
(6) Land Revenue Code, 1959 (M. P.) -- S. 57 -- after independence on 15.8.1947, all lands belonging to native States vested in State. [Para 31
(7) Lok Parisar (Bedakhali) Adhiniyam, 1974 (M. P.) -- S. 5 -- challenge to order of eviction -- erstwhile Gwalior State granted lease of land on 11.2.1943 to start factory on terms and conditions which included restriction on transfer of land -- factory of Gwalior Paints and Chemical Industries Ltd. established -- on 28.8.1950, Gwalior Paints and Chemical Industries Ltd. sold its right, title and interest in immovable properties to M/s. Cotton Traders Pvt. Ltd. -- held -- when they were bound by lease conditions, the alleged sale transaction was void ab initio -- on 5.1.1959, M/s. Cotton Traders Pvt. Ltd. sold factory to present petitioner Corporation -- property sold in such manner where it appeared that property changed hands, but very cleverly it was within family members -- petitioner and its predecessor-in-title, since very beginning, did not have any interest to run business but to grab land -- violation of condition No. 14 of lease deed and subsequent sale of land in quick succession -- fraud committed by petitioner (and predecessors-in-title) on State Government/public resources -- they committed fraud on intention of erstwhile Gwalior State to establish industry -- fraud vitiates all solemn proceedings -- no case for interference made out. (2010) 3 SCC 214, (2012) 11 SCC 574, (2016) 11 SCC 378, (2008) 12 SCC 481, (1986) 1 SCC 133, DDA (2007) 15 SCC 601 and (2006) 7 SCC 756 followed. AIR 1982 SC 1081, 2001 (1) MPLJ 680 and 2006 (1) MPLJ 370 referred to. [Paras 28, 32 to 34
(8) Fraud -- vitiates everything. (2010) 3 SCC 214, (2012) 11 SCC 574, (2016) 11 SCC 378, (2008) 12 SCC 481, (1986) 1 SCC 133, DDA (2007) 15 SCC 601 and (2006) 7 SCC 756 followed. [Para 34
(9) Lok Parisar (Bedakhali) Adhiniyam, 1974 (M. P.) -- Ss. 3 and 17 -- competent authority -- delegation of power -- order of eviction passed by Joint Collector -- State Government delegated its power to all Collectors of State -- thereafter, Collector, District Gwalior authorized Joint Collector to act as competent authority -- held -- S. 3 provides that State Government may appoint an officer not below the rank of Assistant Collector or Deputy Collector -- Joint Collector is over and above Assistant Collector/Deputy Collector, therefore, no jurisdictional error caused. 1997 (2) MPLJ 146 does not lay down correct law. AIR 2004 SC 4377, (2012) 12 SCC 573, Writ Petition No. 4724 of 2017 decided on 15.11.2017 (Gwalior), 2018 (2) RN 321,AIR 1981 SC 1473 and (2021) 6 SCC 523 referred to. [Paras 39, 40 & 43
(10) Lok Parisar (Bedakhali) Adhiniyam, 1974 (M. P.) -- Ss. 3 and 17 -- delegation of power -- S. 3 and S. 17 are not at loggerheads -- rather, S. 17 complements S. 3. Indu Gupta 1997 (2) MPLJ 146 does not lay down correct law. [Paras 41 & 42
(11) Uchcha Nyayalaya (Khand Nyaypeeth Ko Appeal) Adhiniyam, 2005 (M. P.) -- S. 2(1) -- ground of competence/jurisdiction of competent authority never raised in proceedings before competent authority or appellate authority as well as writ Court -- raised for the first time in writ appellate Court -- deserved to be rejected at threshold. (2019) 8 SCC 157, (2011) 6 SCC 199 and (2006) 11 SCC 548 referred to. [Para 44
(12) Uchcha Nyayalaya (Khand Nyaypeeth Ko Appeal) Adhiniyam, 2005 (M. P.) -- S. 2(1) -- scope of power -- competent authority, appellate authority and writ Court passed exhaustive orders touching all aspects of case -- scope of writ appeal constricts. (2010) 8 SCC 329 followed. [Para 46
¼1½ yksd ifjlj ¼csn[kyh½ vf/kfu;e] 1974 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 5 && csn[kyh vkns'k ij vk{ksi && ljdkj us ;kph dks çnku fd;k x;k vkcaVu@iêk foys[k jà dj fn;k && ;kph us mä ewy vkns'k dHkh vk{ksfir ugha fd;k && ikfj.kkfed csn[kyh vkns'k vk{ksfir fd;k && vfHkfu/kkZfjr && ewy vkns'k vkf{kIr fd, fcuk ikfj.kkfed vkns'k vk{ksfir djuk vuqKs; ughaA ¼1977½ 3 ,llhlh 255] ¼2010½ 1 ,llhlh 756 ¼2010½ 1 ,llhlh 417 vuqlfjrA ¼iSjk 22 ,oa 24
¼2½ çfØ;k && ewy vkns'k vkf{kIr fd, fcuk ikfj.kkfed vkns'k vk{ksfir djuk && vuqKs; ughaA ¼1977½ 3 ,llhlh 255] ¼2010½ 1 ,llhlh 756 ¼2010½ 1 ,llhlh 417 vuqlfjrA ¼iSjk 22
¼3½ tehankjh mUewyu vf/kfu;e] laor~ 2008 ¼e-Hkk-½ && /kkjk 2¼3½¼[k½ rFkk 3 && vf/kfu;e ykxw gksuk && rRdkyhu Xokfy;j jkT; us 11-2-1943 dks Hkwfe dk iêk çnku fd;k rFkk mlesa mfYyf[kr fuca/kuksa vkSj 'krksaZ ij dkj[kkuk çkjaHk djus dh vuqefr nh xbZ && mä Hkwfe dHkh —f"k Hkwfe ugha Fkh && tehankjh vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ugha FkhA ¼iSjk 28 ,oa 29
¼4½ iêk && iwoZrj fjV ;kfpdk esa ;kph us vfHkdFku fd;k fd ç'uxr Hkwfe mls dHkh iês ij çnku ugha dh xbZ blfy, csn[kyh vf/kfu;e ds mica/k ykxw ugha gksrs && fjV U;k;ky; us l{ke çkf/kdkjh dks ml vkifÙk dk fofu'p;u djus vkSj rRi'pkr~ vkxs dk;Zokgh djus dk funs'k fn;k && l{ke çkf/kdkjh us vkifÙk ukeatwj dj nh && ;kph us bl vkns'k ij vk{ksi ugha fd;k && vkns'k vafre gks x;k && ;kph iêk çnku fd, tkus ds ç'u dk çk[;ku ugha dj ldrkA ¼iSjk 30
¼5½ foca/k && iwoZrj fjV ;kfpdk esa ;kph us vfHkdFku fd;k fd ç'uxr Hkwfe mls dHkh iês ij çnku ugha dh xbZ blfy, csn[kyh vf/kfu;e ds mica/k ykxw ugha gksrs && fjV U;k;ky; us l{ke çkf/kdkjh dks ml vkifÙk dk fofu'p;u djus vkSj rRi'pkr~ vkxs dk;Zokgh djus dk funs'k fn;k && l{ke çkf/kdkjh us vkifÙk ukeatwj dj nh && ;kph us bl vkns'k ij vk{ksi ugha fd;k && vkns'k vafre gks x;k && ;kph iêk çnku fd, tkus ds ç'u dk çk[;ku ugha dj ldrkA ¼iSjk 30
¼6½ Hkw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 ¼e-ç-½ && /kkjk 57 && 15-8-1947 dks Lora=rk ds mijkar ns'kh jkT;ksa dh leLr Hkwfe jkT; esa fufgr gks xbZA ¼iSjk 31
¼7½ yksd ifjlj ¼csn[kyh½ vf/kfu;e] 1974 ¼e-ç-½ && /kkjk 5 && csn[kyh vkns'k ij vk{ksi && rRdkyhu Xokfy;j jkT; us dkj[kkuk vkjaHk djus ds fy, 11-2-1943 dks fuca/kuksa vkSj 'krksaZ ij Hkwfe dk iêk çnku fd;k] ftuesa Hkwfe ds varj.k ij fucaZ/ku lfEefyr Fkk && Xokfy;j isUV~l ,aM dsfedy baMLVªht fy- dk dkj[kkuk LFkkfir && 28-8-1950 dks Xokfy;j isUV~l ,aM dsfedy baMLVªht fy- us LFkkoj laifÙk;ksa esa viuk vf/kdkj] gd vkSj fgr eS- d‚Vu VªsMlZ çk- fy- dks foØ; dj fn;k && vfHkfu/kkZfjr && tc og iês dh 'krksaZ ls vkc) Fks rks vfHkdfFkr foØ; laO;ogkj vkjaHk ls 'kwU; Fkk && 5-1-1959 dks eS- d‚Vu VªsMlZ çk-fy- us dkj[kkuk orZeku ;kph fuxe dks foØ; dj fn;k && laifÙk bl jhfr esa foØ; dh xbZ fd çrhr gksrk Fkk fd laifÙk vU; gkFkksa esa xbZ gS] ijarq cgqr prqjkbZ ls og dqVqac ds lnL;ksa ds ikl gh Fkh && vkjaHk ls gh ;kph vkSj mlds gd&iwokZf/kdkjh dh :fp dkjckj djus dh ugha] vfirq Hkwfe gM+ius dh Fkh && iêk foys[k dh 'krZ Ø- 14 dk vfrØe.k rFkk ckn esa Hkwfe dk ,d&ds&ckn&,d Rofjr foØ; && ;kph ¼vkSj gd&iwokZf/kdkjhx.k½ }kjk jkT; ljdkj@yksd lalk/kuksa ds lkFk diV fd;k x;k && mUgksaus rRdkyhu Xokfy;j jkT; ds m|ksx LFkkfir djus ds vk'k; ds lkFk diV fd;k && diV ls leLr fof/kiw.kZ dk;Zokfg;k¡ nwf"kr gks tkrh gSa && gLr{ksi ;ksX; ekeyk ughaA ¼2010½ 3 ,llhlh 214] ¼2012½ 11 ,llhlh 574] ¼2016½ 11 ,llhlh 378] ¼2008½ 12 ,llhlh 481] ¼1986½ 1 ,llhlh 133] ¼2007½ 15 ,llhlh 601 rFkk ¼2006½ 7 ,llhlh 756 vuqlfjrA ,vkbvkj 1982 ,llh 1081] 2001 ¼1½ ,eih,yts 680 rFkk 2006 ¼1½ ,eih,yts 370 fufnZ"VA ¼iSjk 28] 32 ls 34
¼8½ diV && lc dqN nwf"kr dj nsrk gSA ¼2010½ 3 ,llhlh 214] ¼2012½ 11 ,llhlh 574] ¼2016½ 11 ,llhlh 378] ¼2008½ 12 ,llhlh 481] ¼1986½ 1 ,llhlh 133] ¼2007½ 15 ,llhlh 601 rFkk ¼2006½ 7 ,llhlh 756 vuqlfjrA ¼iSjk 34
¼9½ yksd ifjlj ¼csn[kyh½ vf/kfu;e] 1974 ¼e-ç-½ && /kkjk 3 rFkk 17 && l{ke çkf/kdkjh && 'kfä dk çR;k;kstu && csn[kyh vkns'k la;qä dysDVj }kjk ikfjr && jkT; ljdkj us viuh 'kfä jkT; ds lHkh dysDVjksa dks çR;k;ksftr dh && rRi'pkr~ dysDVj] ftyk Xokfy;j us la;qä dysDVj dks l{ke çkf/kdkjh ds :i esa dk;Z djus ds fy, çkf/k—r fd;k && vfHkfu/kkZfjr && /kkjk 3 esa micaf/kr gS fd jkT; ljdkj lgk;d dysDVj ;k fMIVh dysDVj ds in ls vfuEu vf/kdkjh dks fu;qä dj ldrh gS && la;qä dysDVj lgk;d dysDVj&fMIVh dysDVj ls Åij gksrk gS] vr%- vf/kdkfjrk dh dksbZ xyrh ugha gqbZA 1997 ¼2½ ,eih,yts 146 esa lgh fof/k vf/kdfFkr ughaA ,vkbvkj 2004 ,llh 4377] ¼2012½ 12 ,llhlh 573] fjV ;kfpdk Ø- 4724 lu~ 2017 fu.khZr fnukad 15-11-2017 ¼Xokfy;j½] 2018 ¼2½ jkfu 321] ,vkbvkj 1981 ,llh 1473 rFkk ¼2021½ 6 ,llhlh 523 fufnZ"VA ¼iSjk 39] 40 ,oa 43
¼10½ yksd ifjlj ¼csn[kyh½ vf/kfu;e] 1974 ¼e-ç-½ && /kkjk 3 rFkk 17 && 'kfä dk çR;k;kstu && /kkjk 3 vkSj /kkjk 17 ijLijfojks/kh ugha && vfirq- /kkjk 17 /kkjk 3 dh iwjd gSA 1997 ¼2½ ,eih,yts 146 esa lgh fof/k vf/kdfFkr ughaA ¼iSjk 41 ,oa 42
¼11½ mPp U;k;ky; ¼[kaM U;k;ihB dks vihy½ vf/kfu;e] 2005 ¼e-ç-½ && /kkjk 2¼1½ && l{ke çkf/kdkjh dh l{kerk@vf/kdkfjrk dk vk/kkj dHkh l{ke çkf/kdkjh ;k vihy çkf/kdkjh ds lkFk gh fjV U;k;ky; ds le{k dk;Zokfg;ksa esa ugha mBk;k x;k && çFke ckj fjV vihy U;k;ky; esa mBk;k x;k && vkjaHk esa gh ukeatwj fd, tkus ;ksX;A ¼2019½ 8 ,llhlh 157] ¼2011½ 6 ,llhlh 199 rFkk ¼2006½ 11 ,llhlh 548 fufnZ"VA ¼iSjk 44
¼12½ mPp U;k;ky; ¼[kaM U;k;ihB dks vihy½ vf/kfu;e] 2005 ¼e-ç-½ && /kkjk 2¼1½ && 'kfä dh O;kfIr && l{ke çkf/kdkjh] vihy çkf/kdkjh vkSj fjV U;k;ky; us ekeys ds lHkh igyqvksa ij foLr`r vkns'k ikfjr fd, && fjV vihy dh O;kfIr lhferA ¼2010½ 8 ,llhlh 329 vuqlfjrA ¼iSjk 46
JUDGMENT
1. The present appeal under section 2 (1) of the Madhya Pradesh Uchcha Nyayalaya (Khand Nyaypeeth Ko Appeal) Adhiniyam, 2005 is preferred by the appellant (hereinafter referred to as “the petitioner”) being crestfallen by the order dated 2-12-2016 passed by learned Single Judge in Writ Petition No.4032 of 2005 whereby the writ petition filed by the petitioner has been dismissed.
2. For appreciating the controversy in better perspective following dates and events are worth reproduction :
| Dates | Events |
| 19-11-1942 | One Sampat Kumar Majeji moved an application to the Gwalior Estate for allotment of the land. |
| 11-02-1943 | Gwalior Estate allotted land in question to Sampat Kumar Majeji, for establishing the Paint & Varnish Factory, on the conditions mentioned therein. (Annexur P/8). |
| 16-02-1943 | Sampat Kumar Majeji accepted the terms and conditions, thereby confirming the same. Thereafter, M/s. Gwalior Paints & Chemical Industries Ltd., was established. |
| 28-08-1950 | Bijmohan Das Nagori and Motilal Gupta in the capacity of Director of M/s The Gwalior Paint & Chemical Industries Ltd. sold the rights, title and interest in the immovable properties to M/s Cotton Traders, Pvt., Ltd. |
| 5-01-1959 | M/s The Cotton Traders Pvt., Ltd., Through Director Goverdhan Das Nagori, & Ramnivas Bangad sold the factory to M/s Hindustan Commercial Corporation Pvt. Ltd., whose Directors were Shri Damodar Das Nagori, & Brijmohan Das Nagori. It is relevant to mention here that according to respondents this sale was contrary and violative to condition No. 14 of allotment. |
| 24-11-1977 | After getting knowledge of the aforesaid sale transaction, Director of Industries M.P. sent proposal for cancellation of aforesaid allotment. |
| 03-01-1978 | Allotment order and lease of M/s Gwalior Paints and Chemicals Industries was cancelled. (Annexure P/10). This cancellation order was never challenged and attained finality. |
| 22-08-1978 | Since even after cancellation of allotment, petitioner did not vacate the factory premises. therefore respondent No.3 filed an application for eviction, before the competent Authority against (i) M/s Gwalior Paints & Chemical Industries and (ii) Hindustan Commercial Corporation Pvt. (present petitioner). |
| 12-02-1982 | Chandra Mohan Nagori submitted his reply and submitted that his possession is legal. |
| 27-08-1991 | Competent Authority after rehearing the parties on 16.8 1991 passed order of eviction, thereby directed to evict the land in question upto 13.9. 1991. |
| 12-09-1991 | Chandra Mohan Nagori, filed application that since 1985 he is not in possession and he has no concern with the land in question. |
| 23-07-1996 | Competent Authority passed order of eviction and against that order, present petitioner filed appeal before the Commissioner (Appellate Authority) challenging the order dated 23.7.1996. |
| 07-04-1997 | Appellate authority allowed the appeal with direction to decide the case of petitioner by passing fresh order after giving opportunity of hearing to petitioner. |
| 17-04-2000 | After remand, fresh notices were issued to nonapplicants therein and also possession holders. |
| 12-06-2000 | Pursuant to which petitioner herein on 12.06.2000 submitted preliminary objection dated 05.06. 2000 alleging therein that land in question has never been allotted to Sampat Kumar Majeji and the said land (31 bighas) was given by the then Zamidar to the Trust and then Trust given the said land to the present petitioner. |
| 05-07-2000 | Respondents herein filed reply to the preliminary objections. |
| 16-08-2000 | Competent authority issued fresh notice to show cause as to why order of eviction may not be passed upto 24.08.2000. |
| 04-11-2000 | petitioner filed reply to the said show cause notice. |
| 04-11-2000 to | |
The main legal point established is the finality of litigation and the legal certainty conferred by the judgment and decree in favor of the petitioner, along with the award from the Permanent Lok Ada....
The failure to establish lawful possession and the invalidity of the allotment order led to the dismissal of the appeal, emphasizing jurisdictional limits in civil suits regarding land allotments.
Civil Suit - Additional Evidence - Wherever additional evidence is allowed the court shall record reason for its admission.
The State Government exceeded its jurisdiction under the U.P. Rent Control Act by restoring a sub-letting order that contravenes established tenant rights, emphasizing the requirement that tenants oc....
A valid land allotment must be canceled before a subsequent allotment can be deemed lawful, reaffirming the plaintiffs' ownership rights and possession under the Tripura Land Revenue and Land Reforms....
Writ jurisdiction under Article 226 cannot resolve disputed title and possession over land; civil suit is appropriate remedy. Section 23(1)(a) of U.P. Zamindari Act bars recognition of post-1948 tran....
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