IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH AT GWALIOR
HIRDESH, J.
Paras Chand Jain – Appellant
Versus
Alok Garg and Others – Respondents
Misc. Petition No. 6684 of 2025
Decided On : 30-01-2026
flfoy çfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 & vk- 22 fu- 12 & Hkkjr dk lafo/kku & vuqPNsn 227 & e`r fu.khZr _f.k;ksa ds leLr fof/kd çfrfuf/kx.k dks fu"iknu dk;Zokgh esa i{kdkj ugha cukuk & çHkko & fu.khZr _f.k;ksa dh e`R;q gksus ij fu"iknu U;k;ky; us iwoZ esa muds uke gVk, tkus dh vuqefr nh Fkh rFkk ;g fu"d"kZ vfHkfyf[kr djus ds i'pkr~ fd e`rd dh laink dk i;kZIr çfrfuf/kRo gks jgk gS] fo|eku fof/kd çfrfuf/kx.k ds fo:) fu"iknu dk;Zokgh pyus dh eatwjh nh Fkh & og vkns'k vafre gks x, & mi'keu ds vk/kkj ij fu"iknu dk;Zokgh [kkfjt djrs le; fu"iknu U;k;ky; us vius iwoZru vkns'kksa ij fopkj ugha fd;k vkSj ,slk fook|d iqu% [kksy fn;k tks igys gh fofuf'pr gks pqdk Fkk & ,slk :[k U;kf;d vuq'kklu ds fLFkj fl)karksa ds çfrdwy gS vkSj vkf{kIr vkns'k dks vleFkZuh; cuk nsrk gS & vkf{kIr vkns'k fof/k dh çdV xyrh vkSj vf/kdkfjrk laca/kh 'kSfFkY; ls xzLr gS & fu"iknu dk;Zokgh çR;kofrZrA ¼1971½ 1 ,llhlh 265] ¼1971½ 1 ,llhlh 460] ,vkbvkj 1966 ,eih 79 rFkk 1958 ts,yts 639 % 1958 lqçhe ¼,eih½ 92 vuqlfjrA ¼2008½ 3 ,llhlh 233 fufnZ"VA ¼iSjk 14 ,oa 15½
Civil P.C. 1908 -- O. 22 R. 12 -- Constitution of India -- Art. 227 -- not impleading all legal representatives of deceased judgment-debtors in execution proceedings -- effect -- on death judgmentdebtors, executing Court had earlier permitted deletion of their names and allowed continuation of execution proceedings against existing legal representatives after recording finding that estate of deceased was sufficiently represented -- those orders attained finality -- while dismissing execution proceedings on ground of abatement, executing Court failed to consider its own earlier orders and reopened an issue which already stood concluded -- such approach is contrary to settled principles of judicial discipline and renders impugned order unsustainable -- impugned order suffers from manifest error of law and jurisdictional infirmity -- execution proceedings restored. (1971) 1 SCC 265, (1971) 1 SCC 460, AIR 1966 MP 79 and 1958 JLJ 639 = 1958 Supreme (MP) 92 followed. (2008) 3 SCC 233 referred to. [Paras 14 & 15]
ORDER :
1. The instant miscellaneous petition under Article 227 of the Constitution of India has been filed by the petitioner–decree holder challenging the order dated 07.11.2024 passed by the Seventh District Judge, Gwalior in Execution Case No. 400021 of 2023, whereby the execution application filed by the petitioner has been dismissed on the ground of abatement.
2. The instant miscellaneous petition has been renumbered from Civil Revision No. 105 of 2025, which was earlier disposed of by a Coordinate Bench of this Court vide order dated 12th November, 2025. Prior to the disposal of the civil revision, it is found from the record that despite various efforts being made for service, including paper publication, the respondents could not be served. Therefore, they were treated as served, and the counsel appearing for respondent No. 7 sought time to file Vaklatnama on behalf of respondent No. 7. As a result, Shri N.K. Gupta, learned Senior Counsel, assisted by Shri SS Bhadauria, learned counsel, appears for respondent No.7 in the present matter. The other respondents are deemed to be served, as despite service of notice, no one appears on their behalf.
3. A few facts giving rise to the present miscellaneous petition, as narrated therein, are that the petitioner instituted a civil suit for specific performance of contract and permanent injunction against the respondents- defendants in respect of land situated in Survey Nos. 1113 to 1118, ad- measuring 8 Bigha 8 Biswa at Village Morar, District Gwalior. It was pleaded that earlier, a suit for partition was filed between Ajay Kumar, Jagat Narayan, Lalta Prasad, Murarilal, Bhagwati Prasad, Omprakash, Jaiprakash, Kailash Prasad, Dr. Ashok Kumar, Usha, Anita, and Sangita, which was settled by way of compromise. Under the said compromise, Lalta Prasad acquired a 1/5th share in the property. After the death of Lalta Prasad, his legal representatives, namely Smt. Tara Garg and her sons Rakesh, Rajeev, and Raghav Garg, succeeded to his share. As per the plaint pleadings, Smt. Tara Garg, along with Rajesh and Rajeev, appointed Raghav Garg as their power of attorney holder vide registered power of attorney dated 16.10.1991. Similarly, Kailash Prasad and his son also appointed Raghav Garg as their power of attorney holder vide registered power of attorney dated 23.01.1992. Thereafter, Raghav Garg entered into an agreement to sell dated 25.11.1999 with the petitioner for a consideration of Rs.12,00,000/-. Since the agreement was not honoured, the petitioner filed a civil suit seeking specific performance.
4. During the pendency of the suit, a compromise application was filed, wherein it was agreed that Raghav Garg would develop the land and sell plots to various persons, but no sale deed would be executed without the written consent of both plaintiffs, namely Paras Chand Jain and Naveen Jain. It was further agreed that the income generated from the sale of plots would be shared equally, i.e., 50% each between the plaintiffs and the defendants, and that all sale deeds would specifically mention that they were executed in compliance with the compromise decree. The compromise was accepted by the trial Court, and a decree was passed on 23.09.2001. However, after the passing of the compromise decree, the defendants failed to comply with its terms and continued to alienate the property without consent or intimation to the decree holder. Consequently, the petitioner issued a legal notice dated 26.05.2004 and thereafter filed an execution application. During the execution proceedings, the judgment debtors repeatedly filed applications raising objections to stall execution, all of which were dismissed.
5. During the pendency of the execution proceedings, judgment debtors Ashok Garg and Tara Garg died. Applications were filed by the petitioner for deletion of their names, stating that some of their legal representatives were already on record. After considering objections, the executing Court allowed the d
A second execution petition filed after the limitation period is barred, and withdrawal of an earlier execution does not extend the limitation period.
A decree remains executable even if some defendants are deceased, provided their heirs are on record and did not contest the suit.
Procedural rules under the CPC specify that execution proceedings are not abated by the death of a judgment-debtor, allowing legal representatives to enforce decrees.
Legal heirs can execute decrees on behalf of deceased predecessors under Section 146 CPC, despite not being original parties in prior proceedings.
Legal heirs of a deceased decree holder can be impleaded in execution proceedings at any time; execution petitions do not abate upon the death of the decree holder.
The main legal point established is that the Code of Civil Procedure is not applicable to the execution proceedings of the Arbitration Award under the Act, and there is no abatement if the legal repr....
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