KERALA HIGH COURT
Mary Joseph, J.
P. Nanikutty, (Expired) and Anr. – Appellants
versus
K.U. Kalpakadevi and Ors. – Respondents
R.F.A. No.139 of 2008
Decided on 9.5.2023
(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 – Order VII Rule 1, Order VI Rules 4, 17 – Amendment of Plaint – Filing of rejoinder after written statement – Court where amendment of plaint is applied for, is duty bound to look into pleadings proposed to be incorporated and be convinced of necessity for incorporating same in plaint – Amendment will in normal circumstances be restrained by Court only when it was applied for by party after commencement of trial and on being convinced that party failed to raise it before commencement of trial despite due diligence – Party seeking to obtain relief by filing plaint is not entitled to seek for consideration of pleadings raised by him at later point of time in form of rejoinder, as part of plaint – Code does not provide for such recourse – Pleadings incorporated in a rejoinder will never form part of plaint – Only when pleadings are specifically incorporated into plaint, party is entitled to adduce evidence on its basis – In absence of any evidence adduced without plea being raised in plaint originally or additionally by way of amendment, that will be devoid of basis and irrelevant – Pleadings on any of vitiating elements as contemplated under Rule 4 of Order VI in rejoinder cannot be taken as forming part of plaint. [Paras 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]
(B) Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 68 – Indian Succession Act, 1925 – Section 63 – Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 – Order VII Rule 4 – Execution of Will – Execution shall be established by examining one among persons who stand as attestors to it – It is testator’s mindset that formed basis for bequeath to act in favour of any person – Love, affection and care tendered by party to him will form basis for execution of Will in favour of former – Mindset of testator cannot be established by party who has been benefited by bequeath – Beneficiary can only prove that Will was properly executed by testator in presence of two witnesses who have witnessed and attested execution – No law or judgment provides that when scribe of Will is one of attesting witness, he is best witness and he alone is competent to depose about execution of Will – If scribe is attesting witness to Will, he can be examined as attestor to establish execution of Will and his competency will only be equivalent to other attesting witness – There is no prescription in law that for establishing execution of Will scribe must be examined – Examination of scribe can be resorted to when he is attesting witness to document. [Paras 22, 23]
(3) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 – Order VII Rule 4 – Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 68 –Will - Partition suit – Property not partible being Will executed – Trial court declined relief of partition – 2nd attestor was examined as DW2 – DW2 has categorically stated that he had witnessed signing of Will by husband of 1st defendant as its attestor, and signing of it by brother of 1st defendant as witness to Will prior to himself signing document – Scrutiny of oral evidence tendered by DW2 led no room for treating him as incredible witness – Specific plea regarding fraud was not taken in plaint as contemplated under Rule 4 of Order VII –1st defendant, respondent in appeal has successfully established execution of Will and based on evidence, trial court has found that plaint schedule property is not partible and declined to grant decree for partition and allocation of shares in favour of plaintiff. [Pars 22, 24]
Result: Appeal dismissed.
JUDGMENT
Mary Joseph, J.—Appeal on hand is filed by the unsuccessful plaintiff in O.S. No.292/04, which is a suit for partition on the files of Subordinate Judges (Additional) Court, Palakkad. The suit for partition was dismissed by the trial court on arriving at a finding that the plaint schedule property is not partible for the reason that a Will was executed by the deceased Narayanankutty in favour of his wife, the 1st defendant and the Will has been acted upon, on his death.
2. The contention of Sri.P.S.Appu, the learned counsel for the appellant/plaintiff was that the judgment and decree under challenge are passed by the trial court erroneously on the basis of improper appreciation of evidence. According to the learned counsel, the appellant and defendants are governed by Hindu Mitakshara Law and on the death of original plaintiff’s son, intestate, the plaintiff being the mother is entitled to get 1/4th share of the plaint schedule property. According to him, the alleged execution of the Will marked in evidence as Ext.B1 is shrouded with suspicion and it ought not to have been relied upon by the trial court for declining the relief of partition against the plaintiff. According to him, Ext.B1 is silent of the recitals about the cause for the testator to disinherit his mother and devoid of any special reason stated therein as to why the entire property belonging to the testator has been bequeathed solely to his wife, leaving his mother and even the two daughters he was having. It is contended by the learned counsel that the Will recites payment of Rs.2,50,000/- each to the married and unmarried daughter and the proposition is unnatural. At the time when the testator has executed the Will, the marriage of the 1st daughter was over and she might have been married away, spending huge money and giving gold ornaments. According to the learned counsel, it is unlikely for the testator to direct the beneficiary of the Will, the 1st defendant to pay Rs.2,50,000/- each to the married and unmarried daughter and that should tend the Court to view the Will with suspicion.
3. Inviting the attention of this Court to the evidence tendered by the 1” defendant, the learned counsel contended that there was no reason for deceased Narayanankutty, the alleged testator of the Will to execute the same at his age of 45 years, when he was in a state of healthy physical condition and devoid of any disease. According to the learned counsel, the execution of a Will by the testator at his youth and healthy condition, creates suspicion and the trial court ought to have adverted to that aspect while appreciating the evidence. It is contended by the learned counsel that the deceased Narayanankutty has two daughters and the bequeath of the entire property in favour of his wife evading the two daughters is also a suspicious circumstance to doubt the genuineness of Ext.B1. Inviting the attention of this Court to page No.2 of the Will, it is contended by the learned counsel that the writings there is dissimilar to that found in other pages of the Will. According to him, in page 2, more matters have been incorporated, without leaving adequate space and that gave an indication of obtaining signed papers from the deceased Narayankutty by the 1st defendant and making use of those for creation of Ext.B1. According to the learned counsel, if the document was a genuine one the contents must have been entered in a proportionate manner and signatures of deceased Narayanankutty must have been obtained in each pages.
4. The learned counsel has also drawn the attention of this Court to the attestors of the Will to contend that neither the friends of Mr.Narayanankutty nor his relatives were made to sign it. According to him, the 1st witness Devadas is the brother of the 1st defendant and the 2nd witness Rajith is the first cousin of the 1st defendant. The learned counsel urged that non-procuring of any of the relatives or friends of deceased Narayanankutty to attest the Wi
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Gopinathan Nair Maheswaran Nair vs. Madhavi Amma Nirmala Bai and Ors.
(1) Rejoinder – Pleadings incorporated in a rejoinder will never form part of plaint.(2) Will – Execution – Beneficiary can only prove that Will was properly executed by testator in presence of two w....
Point of law : Section 68 only envisages the examination of one among the two attestors to establish the execution of Will.
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The court emphasized that the burden of proof lies on the propounder of a Will, especially when suspicious circumstances exist, necessitating clear evidence of its validity.
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The mere presence of the beneficiary at the time of the execution of the Will, by itself, would not be a factor to hold that the Will in question is shrouded with suspicious circumstances and the fir....
The validity of a Will can be upheld despite procedural omissions if supported by sufficient evidence, and a partition suit may be dismissed if barred by limitation.
The burden of proof for the execution of a Will lies with the propounder, who must establish compliance with statutory requirements, including the testimony of attesting witnesses.
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