IN THE HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF TELANGANA AT HYDERABAD
SUREPALLI NANDA, J.
K. Hariprasad and Another – Petitioners
Versus
Central Bureau of Investigation and Others – Respondents
W.P. No. 13969 of 2023
Decided On : 16-08-2023
CRIMINAL LAW - ATTACHMENT OF ASSETS - FREEZING OF BANK ACCOUNTS, LOCKER AND DEMAT ACCOUNTS - DURATION OF ATTACHMENT - CRIMINAL LAW (AMENDMENT) ORDINANCE, 1944 - INTERPRETATION - SECTION 2 AND 10 - APPLICABILITY - WRIT PETITION - DIRECTIONS TO WITHDRAW FREEZING OF ACCOUNTS AND RELEASE OF CASH SEIZED.
Fact of the Case:
Petitioner, a retired Commissioner of Income Tax, was acquitted in a disproportionate assets case. During the investigation, the CBI froze the petitioner's bank accounts, locker, and demat accounts. Despite the acquittal, the CBI continued to freeze the accounts, citing a pending appeal against the acquittal. The petitioner filed a writ petition seeking to lift the freeze and release the seized cash.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that the freezing of the accounts could not continue after the petitioner's acquittal. The provisions of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 1944, which allow for the continuation of attachment during an appeal, apply only to assets attached under the Ordinance. The bank accounts, locker, and demat accounts frozen by the CBI were not attached under the Ordinance and therefore the freezing could not continue during the appeal.
Issues: 1. Whether the freezing of the petitioner's accounts could continue after his acquittal. 2. Whether the provisions of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 1944, apply to the freezing of the petitioner's accounts.
Ratio Decidendi: The court interpreted Sections 2 and 10 of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 1944, and held that the provisions for the continuation of attachment during an appeal apply only to assets attached under the Ordinance. The court found that the petitioner's accounts were not attached under the Ordinance and therefore the freezing could not continue during the appeal.
Final Decision: The court allowed the writ petition and directed the CBI to reconsider the petitioner's representation to withdraw the freezing of the accounts and release the seized cash within two weeks.
ORDER :
1. Heard the learned counsel Sri Vedula Srinivas appearing on behalf of the Petitioner and the learned Special Public Prosecutor for CBI.
2. This Writ Petition is filed praying to issue a Writ of Mandamus to declare the action of the 1st Respondent in continuing the assets of the petitioner under the order of freezing even after the acquittal of the petitioners in C.C. No. 25/2009 by the Court of III Addl., Special Judge for CBI Cases, Hyderabad dated 04.06.2019, merely on the ground that an appeal against the same is pending in this Court in Crl. Appeal No. 1078/2019 as illegal, arbitrary and unauthorized and to issue a consequential direction to the 1st Respondent to forthwith withdraw the freezing of the accounts belonging to the petitioners maintained by respondents 2 to 5 in the form of S.B. Account bearing No. 680 (presently No. 02181001100680) and also a locker No. 24 of the 1st Petitioner with the 2nd respondent, S.B. Account No. 201394 (Presently No. 021810025201394) of the 2nd Petitioner with the 2nd Respondent, Demat Account bearing No. 13040800 00003977 pertaining to the shares held by 2nd Petitioner with 3rd Respondent, Demat Account bearing No. 10550045 of the 1st Petitioner with the 4th Respondent and Demat Account bearing No. 28895602of the 2nd Petitioner with the 5th Respondent, and also release the cash of Rs. 1,14,000/- seized during the search at the Petitioner’s residence.
3. The case of the Petitioner in brief, is as follows:
(b) As a consequence, the Authorities of the 1st Respondent have filed an application under Regulation 4 of the Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance, 1944 seeking ad-interim attachment of certain properties on the allegation that the quantum of the assets disproportionate to the petitioner’s known sources of income is Rs. 1,22,27,609/-. The Court has passed an order of attachment on 05.11.2013 in Crl. M.P. No. 359/2011 and the same is continued till the disposal of the C.C. No. 25/2009.
(c) Furthermore, the 1st Respondent has also issued proceedings directing Respondent Nos. 2 to 5, to freeze the operations of the petitioner in the respective accounts held by him with those respondents. In so far as the 2nd Respondent is concerned, the petitioner held S.B. Account bearing No. 680 (presently No. 02181001100680) and also locker No. 24. The 2nd Petitioner also held S.B. Account No. 201394 (Presently No. 021810025201394) in the said bank. In so far as the 3rdRespondent is concerned the 2nd Petitioner held a Demat Account bearing No. 13040800 00003977 pertaining to the shares held in certain companies. With respect to the 4thRespondent, the petitioner held a Demat Account bearing No. 10550045. With respect to 5th Respondent, the 2ndpetitioner held a Demat Account bearing No. 28895602. All these accounts have been frozen by the 1st Respondent, while registering the FIR against the petitioners. In addition to this, the 1st Respondent has also taken cash balance of Rs. 1,14,000/- from the house of the petitioners.
(e) Subsequently, the trial took place in C.C. No. 25/2009 and it was decided in acquittal in favour of the accused therein, vide Judgment dated 04.06.2019. Aggrieved by the same, the 1st Respondent has preferred an appeal before this Court and the same is pending as Crl. Appeal No. 1078/2019.
(f) The assets belonging to the petitioners as mentioned above were never attached b
The provisions of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 1944, for the continuation of attachment during an appeal apply only to assets attached under the Ordinance.
Freezing of bank accounts under Section 102 Cr.P.C is lawful during investigations without prior notice, and challenges to such orders are not maintainable when alternative remedies exist.
The main legal point established in the judgment is the legality of freezing bank accounts under Section 102 Cr.P.C. and the applicability of this provision in the context of the case.
The Investigating Officer lacks authority under Section 91 of Cr.P.C. to freeze a bank account absent compliance with Section 102, violating procedural requirements and the petitioner's rights.
The main legal point established in the judgment is that the procedure for freezing bank accounts under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, specifically Section 25, is directory in nature....
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