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2025 Supreme(Telangana) 680

IN THE HIGH COURT OF TELANGANA  
E.V. VENUGOPAL, J.
Pole Kurmaiah - Appellant
Versus
The State Of AP Rep By Its Pp Hyd. - Respondent
Criminal Revision Case No.1793 of 2010
Decided On : 13-02-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : M NARAYANA
For the Respondent: PUBLIC PROSECUTOR

The absence of penetration negates a rape conviction under IPC Section 376, affirming culpability for outrage of modesty under IPC Section 354 based on established intent and actions.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 354, 376, and 323 - Conviction for rape and assault - Trial Court convicted the accused under Section 376 for rape and Section 323 for assault; however, this was deemed unsustainable due to lack of evidence for penetration - The appellate Court confirmed the conviction which the High Court reviewed based on factual inconsistencies and legal definitions related to rape - Conviction under Section 354 IPC is affirmed due to sufficient evidence of intent to outrage modesty. (Paras 5, 11-14, 24, 26)

(B) Evidence - Burden of proof in sexual assault cases - The prosecution must establish both the act of force and penetration to secure a conviction under Section 376; absence of such evidence negates the charge. (Paras 10-12)

(C) Legal standards - The definition of modesty and assault as related to female dignity are critical when assessing the gravity of offenses under IPC. (Paras 20-22)

Facts of the case:
The accused was charged with sexually assaulting the victim, resulting in a trial which led to a conviction based on conflicting testimonies and material evidence presented. The trial Court established guilt under Sections 376 and 323, leading to a seven-year sentence for rape which was later appealed.

Findings of Court:
The High Court found no sufficient evidence of rape; however, established that intent to outrage modesty was present, resulting in a conviction under Sections 354 and 324 with sentences imposed.

Issues: Were the charges for rape under Section 376 substantiated by evidence? Was the conviction for lesser charges appropriate given the circumstances?

Ratio Decidendi: The absence of penetration invalidated the rape charge under Section 376; however, sufficient evidence supported charges under Section 354, reaffirming nuances of legal definitions in sexual violence cases.

Result: Revision partly allowed.

Table of Content
1. factual basis of the case established (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
2. analysis of evidential requirements for rape (Para 7 , 8 , 10)
3. clarification of legal definitions of rape (Para 9 , 11 , 12)
4. clarification of legal standards for offences involving consent and penetration. (Para 14)
5. defensive arguments against conviction (Para 15 , 16)
6. potential for lesser charges under ipc (Para 17)
7. interpretation of modesty under indian penal guidelines (Para 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
8. examination of prosecutorial evidence and judicial findings. (Para 19)
9. final judgment and sentencing (Para 24 , 25 , 26)

ORDER :

E.V. Venugopal, J.

The present Criminal Revision Case is filed against the Judgment dated 16.02.2010 in Criminal Appeal No.151 of 2008 on the file of the learned IV Additional District and Sessions Judge (FTC), Mahabubnagar (for short, "the appellate Court"), whereby the Judgment dated 25.09.2008 passed in S.C.No.613 of 2007 by the learned Assistant Sessions Judge, Nagarkurnool (for short, “the trial Court"), was confirmed.

2. Heard learned counsel for the revision petitioner/accused and Mr.E.Ganesh, learned Assistant Public Prosecutor appearing for respondent-State. Perused the record.

3. Facts which are necessary to dispose of this revision, in nutshell, are as follows:

On 30.10.2006 at about 8.00 A.M., the victim lodged a complaint in Bijinapally Police Station stating that on 28.10.2006 she went to the house of PW.1 and the accused, who are her sister and brother-in-law, on their force to stay in their house. On the night of the same day, the accused brought intoxicated liquor and forced her to consume in the name of formality and he also consumed the same. In an intoxication condition, he beat his wife-PW.3, who fell unconscious. Then, he committed rape on the victim. On receipt of the said complaint, the Station House Officer, Bijinapally Police Station, registered a case in Crime No.98 of 2006 for the offence punishable under Section 376 of INDIAN PENAL CODE (for short ‘IPC’) and after completion of investigation, the police filed charge sheet against the accused, to which he did not plead guilty and claimed himself to be innocent. According to him, he was falsely implicated in the instant case.

4. The prosecution had examined fifteen witnesses to substantiate its case. The victim was examined as PW.9. The husband of victim was examined as PW.10. The younger sister of the victim and wife of the accused was examined as PW.3. PWs.1, 2 and 4 are circumstantial witnesses. PWs.6 and 8 are panch witnesses. PWs.11 and 12 are Doctors. PWs.12, 14 and 15 are the investigating officers.

5. After conducting trial, having considered the rival submissions and basing on the material available on record, the trial Court arrived at a finding that the prosecution had fully established the charges under Sections 376 and 323 of IPC against the accused beyond all reasonable doubt. Consequently, the accused was found guilty for the offence under Section 376 of IPC and he was convicted and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of seven (7) years and also to pay fine of Rs.5,000/- (Rupees five thousand only), in default of payment of fine amount, he shall under rigorous imprisonment for a period of three (3) months. The accused was also convicted and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of three (3) months for the offence under Section 323 of IPC.

6. Being aggrieved by the judgment of the trial Court, the accused had preferred an appeal before the appellate Court. The learned Sessions Judge carefully scrutinized the entire evidence on record and observed that the trial Court was perfectly justified in awarding the sentence of seven years rigorous imprisonment to the accused and consequently the appeal filed by the accused was dismissed.

7. Looking to the gravity of the offence, this Court has examined the entire evidence and documents on record. Even on close scrutiny and marshalling of evidence, I co

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