UTTAR PRADESH LAND REVENUE ACT, 1901
(1) This Act may be called the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901.
(2) [It extends] to the whole of [Uttar Pradesh] except the areas specified in the First Schedule:
[Provided that] the [State Government] may, by notification in the [Official Gazette] extend the whole or any part of this act to all or any of the areas so excepted [subject to exceptions or modifications as it think fit].
[Provided also that no provision of this Act which is inconsistent with the provisions of the Pargarta of Kaswar Raja Act, 1915 shall apply to The Pargana of Kaswar Raja in the district of Banaras :] and
(1) The enactments specified in the Second Schedule are repealed to the extent mentioned in the third column thereof.
(2) When this Act or any portion thereof is extended [with or without exception or modification] to any of areas excepted in the First Schedule, so much of any Act or Regulation in force therein as is inconsistent with this Act, or the portion thereof [as] extended, as the case may be, shall be thereby repealed.
(3) The repeal of any enactment by this Act shall not legalize any practice which immediately before the passing of such enactment was illegal, and shall not revive any right, privilege, matter or thing not in force or existing at the commencement or this Act.
(1) All rules, appointments, assessments partitions, and transfers made, notifications, proclamations, and orders issued, authorities and powers conferred, farms granted, records-of-rights and other records framed, rights acquired and liabilities incurred, rents fixed, places and times appointed, and other things done under any of the enactments hereby repealed shall, so far as may be, be deemed to have been respectively made, issued, conferred, granted, framed, acquired, incurred, fixed appointed and done under this Act.
(2) Any enactment or document referring to any enactment hereby repealed, shall be construed to refer to this Act, or to the corresponding portion thereof.
In this Act unless there be something repugnant in the subject or context -
(1) "Board" means the Board of Revenue;
[(1A) 'Ex-proprietary tenant', 'grant at a favourable rate of rent', 'grove', 'grove-holder', grove-land', 'hereditary tenant', 'improvement','khudkasht', 'land-holder', 'occupancy tenant', 'rent', 'rent-free grant', 'sir' and tenant' have the meanings assigned to them in the United Provinces Tenancy Act, 1939, subject to the following modifications :
(a) in the definition of improvement in sub-section (8) of Section 3 of the United Provinces Tenancy Act, 1939, the words 'with reference to a tenant's holding shall be deemed to have been omit
Subject to the superintendence, direction and control of the State Government, tire Board shall be the chief controlling authority in the matters provided under tire Act, excepting matters relating to disposal of cases, appeals [* * *] and revisions.
The [State Government] [* * *] shall appoint [* * *]the members of the Board.
(1) Subject to tire provisions of any rules made under this Act and of Section 8, the Board may so distribute its business and make such territorial division of its jurisdiction amongst its members as it thinks fit.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of tire foregoing power, the Board may in particular and subject as aforesaid, regulate the disposal of its judicial business by its members sitting alone or in Division Benches.
(1) Where a proceeding coming under the consideration of tire Board on][appeal] or in revision is heard by a Division Bench composed of two or more members, the case shall be decided in accordance with the opinion, of such members or the majority, if any, of such members.
(2) Where tire members constituting the Bench are equally divided in opinion as to the decision to be given on any point, the case shall be heard upon such point by one or more of other members and the point be decided according to the opinion of the majority of tire members who have heard tire case including those who first heard it.
When tire members of tire Board are equally divided in opinion as to any order to be made in the course of [business connected with settlement] the question regarding which there is such division of opinion, shall be referred for decision to the [State Government
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act tire [State Government] may authorize any member of the Board to perform or exercise, either generally or in respect of any particular locality, all or any of the duties and powers imposed and conferred on the Board.
(1) The [State Government] may [* * *] create new or abolish existing divisions or districts.
(2) The [State Government] may alter the limits of any division, district, or tahsil, and may create new or abolish existing tahsil, and may divide any district into sub-diviSions, and may alter the limits of subdivisions.
(3) Subject to the orders of the [State Government] under sub-section (2), all tahsils shall be deemed to be sub-divisions of districts.
The [State Government] shall appoint in each division a Commissioner, who shall within his division exercise the powers and discharge the duties conferred and imposed on a Commissioner under this Act, or under any other law for the time being in force, and who shall [* * *] exercise authority over all the revenue officers in his divisions.
(1) The [State Government] may [* * *] appoint Additional Commissioner in a division, or in two or more divisions combined.
(2) An Additional Commissioner shall hold his office during the pleasure of the [State Government].
(3) An Additional Commissioner shall exercise such powers and discharge such duties of a Commissioner in such cases or classes of cases as the [State Government] or in the absence of orders from the [State Government] the Commissioner concerned, may direct.
(4) This Act and every other law for the time being applicable to a Commissioner shall apply to the Additional Commissioner, when exercising any powers or discharging any duties und
The [State Government] shall appoint in each district an officer who shall be the Collector of the district, and who shall throughout his district, exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties conferred and imposed on a Collector by this Act or any other law for the time being in force.
(1) The [State Government] may appoint an Additional Collector in a district or in two or more districts combined.
(2) An Additional Collector shall hold his office during the pleasure of the [State Government].
[(3) An Additional Collector shall exercise such powers and discharge such duties of a Collector in such case or classes of cases as the Collector concerned may direct.]
(4) This Act and every other law for the time being applicable to a Collector shall apply to every Additional Collector, when exercising any powers or discharging any duties under sub-section (3), as if he were tire Collector of the district.
(1) The [State Government] may appoint to each district as many other persons as it thinks fit to be Assistant Collector of the first or second class.
(2) All such Assistant Collectors and all other revenue officers in the district, shall be subordinate to the Collector.
[* * *]
The [State Government] may appoint to each district as many persons as it may think fit to be Tahsildars and Naib-Tahsildars [* * *]
(1) The State Government may place any Assistant Collector of the first class in-charge of one or more sub-divisions of a district, and may remove him thereform.
(2) Such Assistant Collector shall be called an Assistant Collector in-charge if a sub-division of a district or a Sub-Divisional Officer and shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties conferred and imposed upon him by this Act or by any other law for the time being in force, subject to the control of the Collector.
(3) The State Government may designate any Assistant Collector of the first class appointed to a district to be Additional Sub-Divisional Officer in one or more sub-divisions of lire district.
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Every Revenue Officer of a Sub-division of a district shall be subordinate to the Assistant Collector (if any) in-charge of such sub-division, subject to tire general control of the Collector.
If the Collector dies or is disabled from performing his duties, the officer who succeeds temporarily to the chief executive administration of tire district in revenue matters shall be held to be the Collector under this Act until the [State Government] appoints a successor to tire Collector so dying or disabled, and such successor takes charges of his appointment.
1) The Collector may arrange the villages of the district in lekhpals' halkas and may, from time to time, alter the limits of such halkas without effecting any change in tire strength of Lekhpals.
(2) If tire change or alteration referred to in sub-section (1) is likely to effect any change in the strength of Lekhpals, previous sanction of the State Government shall be obtained for the purpose.]
But no such arrangement or alteration shall be final unless and until it has been sanctioned by the [State Government.]
[* * *]
The State Government shall appoint a Lekhpal to each halka for the preparation of records specified by or under tire Act and for the purpose of such other duties as may be prescribed.
[* * *]
One or more Kanungos may [* * *] be appointed in each district for the proper supervision, maintenance, and correction of the annual registers, and for such other duties as tire [State Government] may, from time to time, prescribe.
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- Every kanuirgo and lekhpal and every person appointed temporarily to discharge the duties of any such officer shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code and all official records and [documents] kept by any other officer shall be held to be public records and the property of tire [State Government]
The Collector shall in accordance with rules made under Section 234, maintain a map and field-book of each village in his district and shall cause annually, or at such longer intervals as the [State Government] may prescribe, to be recorded therein all changes in the boundaries of each village [* * *] or field and shall correct any errors which are shown to have been made in such map or field-book.
1) It shall be the duty of every tenure-bolder to maintain and keep in repair at his cost the permanent boundary marks lawfully erected on his fields.
(2) It shall be the duty of the Gaon Sabhas to maintain and keep in repair at its cost tire permanent boundary marks lawfully erected on the village situate within its jurisdiction.
(3) The Collector may at any time order, as the case may be, a Gaon Sabhas or tenure holder -
(a) to erect proper boundary marks on such villages or fields;
(b) to repair or renew in such form and nature as may be prescribed all boundary marks lawfully erected therein.
The Collector may order any person convicted before him of willfully erasing, removing or damaging a boundary, or survey mark to pay such sum, not exceeding fifty rupees for each mark so erased, removed, or damaged, as may be necessary to restore it, and to reward the informer through whom the conviction was obtained. When such sum cannot be recovered, or if the offender cannot be discovered, the Collector shall restore the mark and recover the cost thereof from such of [tenure-holder or Gaon Sabhas of coterminous fields of villages as the case may be] as he thinks fit.
Section 30 of the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901, addresses the penalties associated with the injury or removal of boundary marks or land marks, which are vital for demarcating land boundaries and maintaining land records.
The section empowers the Collector to order the conviction of any person who willfully erases, removes, or damages boundary marks. It also prescribes penalties for such acts to protect land boundaries and prevent disputes.
This section applies to all persons who intentionally damage or remove boundary marks on land within the jurisdiction of the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901. It aims to safeguard land demarcations and uphold land record integrity.
While the section specifies the authority to convict and order penalties, specific punishments such as fines or imprisonment are not detailed within the section itself. The penalties are to be ordered by the Collector based on the nature of the offense.
Note: The references are based on the provided sources, primarily "," which contains the relevant information regarding Section 30.
The Collector shall prepare and maintain in the prescribed from a list of all villages and will show therein the prescribed manner, the areas -
(a) liable to fluvial action,
(b) having precarious cultivation, and
(c) the revenue whereof has either, wholly or in part been released, compounded, redeemed or assigned.
Such registers shall be revised every five years in accordance with the rules framed in that behalf.
There shall be a record-of-rights for each village subject to such exceptions as may be prescribed by rules made under the provisions of Section 234. The record-of-rights shall consist of a register of all persons cultivating or otherwise occupying land specifying the particulars required by Section 55
Section 32 of the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901, is a crucial provision that deals with the maintenance and correction of the record-of-rights for each village. It forms the backbone of land record management, ensuring the accuracy and authenticity of land ownership, possession, and other rights.
Section 32 mandates the preparation and maintenance of a record-of-rights for each village. It provides procedures for reporting succession, transfer, and other transactions affecting land. The section also empowers revenue officers to correct and update the land records, including recording succession and transfer details, subject to prescribed rules.
Section 32 primarily governs the creation, maintenance, and correction of land records, ensuring they reflect the actual rights, possession, and transactions related to land. It aims to prevent disputes by maintaining authentic and updated records. The section also facilitates legal recognition of transactions through registration, thus providing a legal basis for rights and claims.
Section 32 itself does not specify any punishment. However, violations related to false reporting, forgery, or illegal alteration of records may attract penalties under other provisions of the Act or applicable laws.
Note: The analysis is based on the provided sources, emphasizing the legal significance and operational scope of Section 32 of the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901.
(1) Tire Collector shall maintain the record-of-rights, and for that purpose shall annually, or at such longer intervals as the [State Government] may prescribe, cause to be prepared an amended [register mentioned in Section 32.]
The [register] so prepared shall be called the annual register.
[(2) The Collector shall cause to be recorded in the annual register -
(a) all successions and transfers in accordance with the provisions of Section 35; or
(b) other changes that may take place in respect of any land ; and shall also correct all errors and omissions in accordance with the provisions of Section 39 :
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Section 33 of the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901, deals with the maintenance, correction, and verification of the annual revenue records, which are crucial for establishing possession, rights, and titles over land. It provides a framework for updating land records based on succession, transfer, or other legal changes, and plays a vital role in land administration and revenue management.
Section 33 primarily mandates the preparation and maintenance of annual registers of land rights, including details of tenants, landholders, and possession. It also provides for the correction of these records in cases of uncontested successions and other legitimate reasons. The section emphasizes that entries in revenue records are presumed to be true until proven otherwise and that decisions under this section are of a summary nature, primarily for fiscal and administrative purposes, not for adjudicating titles.
Section 33 itself does not prescribe any punishment. It functions as a procedural and record-keeping provision. However, false entries or manipulations in revenue records, if proved, may attract penalties under other laws, such as criminal provisions for forgery or misrepresentation.
This concise legal commentary synthesizes the provisions, scope, and judicial interpretations of Section 33 of the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901, highlighting its administrative role and limitations in land rights adjudication.
1) Where a person obtains possession of any land by succession, tire Kanungo shall make such enquiry as may be prescribed and if the case is not disputed record the same in the annual registers.]
[(2) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall mutatis mutandis apply -
(i) to a person, who has been admitted as a sirdar of any land under Section 195 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 before tire commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Land Laws (Amendment) Act, 1977 or as a bhumidhar with non-transferable rights under tire said section after such commencement, or as an asami of any land under Section 197 of the first mentioned Act.
(ii) to every settlement of land made under sub-
Section 33A of the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901, pertains to the correction of annual land revenue registers in cases of uncontested successions. It aims to streamline the process of updating land records following succession events, thereby ensuring accuracy and administrative efficiency in land management.
Section 33A authorizes the Kanungo (land revenue officer) to correct the annual registers when a person acquires land through succession, provided the succession is uncontested. The section facilitates the rectification of records to reflect the current rightful possession without unnecessary delays or disputes.
Note: The analysis is based on the available sources and general principles of land revenue law as per the Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901.
[(1) Every person obtaining possession of any land by succession or transfer (other than a succession or transfer which has already been recorded under Section 33-A), shall report such succession or transfer to the Tahsildar of the Tahsil in which the land is situate.]
(2) [* * *]
(3) [* * *]
(4) If the person so succeeding, or otherwise obtaining possession, is a minor or otherwise disqualified, the guardian or other person who has charge of his property shall make the report required by this section.
(5) No Revenue Court shall entertain a suit or application by t
On receiving a report of succession or transfer under Section 34, or upon facts otherwise coming to his knowledge, the Tahsildar shall make such inquiry as appears necessary, and if the succession or transfer appears to have taken place, he shall direct the annual registers to be amended accordingly.
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(1) The [State Government] may prescribe proper fees for mutation in the registers :
Provided that no fee for a single mutation shall exceed [five] rupees.
(2) Such fees shall be levied from the person in whose favour the mutation is made [* * *].
Any person neglecting to make the report required by Section 34 within three months from the date of obtaining possession under a [* * *] lease, or from the date of the succession or other transfer, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding five times the amount of the fee which would otherwise have been payable under Section 37, or when no fee is leviable, then not exceeding such amount as the [State Government] may by rule prescribe.
(1) An application for correction of any error or omission in the annual register shall be made to the Tahsildar.
(2) On receiving an application under sub-section (1) or any error or omission in the annual register coming to his knowledge otherwise, the Tahsildar shall make such inquiry as appears necessary and then refer the case to the Collector, who shall dispose it of, after deciding the dispute in accordance with the provisions of Section 40.]
[Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall be construed to empower the Collector to decide a dispute involving any question of title.]
(3) The provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) shall prevail, notwit
(1) All disputes regarding entries in the annual registers shall be decided on the basis of possession.
(2) If in the course of inquiry into a dispute under this Section the [Tahsildar] is unable to satisfy himself as to which party is in possession, he shall ascertain by summary inquiry who is the person best entitled to the property and shall put such person in possession.
(3) [* * *]
Explanation. - The term 'possession' in this Section means possession based on succession or transfer.
No order passed under Section 33, Section 35, Section 39, Section 40, Section 41 or Section 54 shall bar any suit in a competent Court for relief on the basis of a right in a holding.
(1) All disputes regarding boundaries shall be decided as far as possible on the basis of existing survey maps, but if this is not possible, the boundaries shall be fixed on the basis of actual possession.
(2) If, in the course of an inquiry into a dispute under this section, the Collector is unable to satisfy himself as to which party is in possession, or if it is shown that possession has been obtained by wrongful dispossession of the lawful occupants of the property within a period of three months previous to the commencement of the inquiry, the Collector -
(a) in the first case shall ascertain by summary inquiry who is the person best entitled to the property, and shall put such person in possession;
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In case of any dispute regarding the [revenue or] rent payable by any [tenure-holder], the Collector shall not decide this dispute, but shall record as payable for the year to which the annual register refers the [revenue or]rent payable for the previous year, unless it has been enhanced or abated by an order or agreement under this Act, [or the United Provinces Tenancy Act, 1939], [or the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950]
All entries in the annual register shall, until contrary is proved, be presumed to be true
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Any person whose rights, interests or liabilities are required by any enactment for the time being in force or by any rule made under any such enactment, to be entered in any official register by a Kanungo or Lekhpal shall be bound to furnish, on the requisition of the Kanungo or lekhpal or of any revenue officer enagged in compiling the register, all information necessary for the correct compilation thereof.
All maps, field-books and registers kept under this Act shall be open to public inspection at such hours and on such conditions as to fees or otherwise as the [State Government] may prescribe.
If the [State Government] thinks that, in any district or other local area a general or partial revision of the records or a re-survey, or both, should be made, it shall publish a notification to that effect.
Effect to notification. - And every such local area shall be held to be under record or survey operations, or both, as the case may be, from the date of the notification until the issue of another notification declaring the operations to be closed therein.
The [State Government] may appoint an officer, hereinafter called the Record Officer, to be in-charge of the record operations or the survey, or both, as the case may be, in any local area and as many Assistant Record Officers, as to it may seem fit, and such officers shall exercise all the powers conferred on them by this Act so long as such local area is under record or survey operations, as the case may be.
When any local area is under survey operations the Record Officer may issue a proclamation directing all Gaon Sabhas and bhumidhars to erect, within fifteen days such boundary marks, as he may think necessary to define the limits of the villages and fields and in default of their compliance within the time specified in the proclamation, he may cause such boundary marks to be erected, and the Collector shall recover the cost of their erection from the Gaon Sabhas or bhumidhars concerned.
In case of any dispute concerning any boundaries, the Record Officer shall decide such dispute in the manner prescribed in Section 41
When any local area is under survey operations the Record Officer shall prepare for each village therein a map and field-book, which shall thereafter be maintained by the Collector as provided by Section 28, instead of the map and field-book previously existing.
Where any local area is under record operation, the Record Officer shall frame for each village therein the record specified in Section 32 and the record so framed shall thereafter be maintained by the Collector, instead of the record previously maintained under Section 33.
(1) For revising the map and records under this Chapter, the Record Officer shall, subject to the provisions hereinafter contained, cause to be carried out survey, map correction, field to field Partal and test and verification of current annual register in accordance with the procedure prescribed.
(2) After the test and verification of the current annual register in accordance with sub-section (1), the Naib-Tahsildar shall correct clerical mistakes and errors, if any, in such register, and shall cause to be issued to the concerned tenure-holder and other persons interested, notices containing relevant extracts from the current annual register and such other records as may be prescribed, showing their rights and liabilities in relation to land and mistakes and disputes discovered during the operations mentioned in the said sub-section.
The register of persons cultivating or otherwise occupying land specified in Section 32 shall specify as to each tenure-holder the following particulars :-
(a) the class of tenure as determined by the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Land Reforms Act, 1950,
(b) the revenue or rent payable by the tenure-holder, and
(c) and other conditions of tenure which the [State Government] may by rules made under Section 234 require to be recorded.
Explanation. - For the purposes of this section the year for which the register is prepared shall be reckoned as a complete year.]
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All entries in the record-of-rights prepared in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter shall be presumed to be true until the contrary is proved ; and all decisions under this Chapter in cases of dispute shall, subject to the provisions of subsection (3) of Section 40, be binding on all Revenue Courts in respect of the subject-matter of such disputes; but no such entry or decision shall affect the right of any person to claim and establish in the Civil Court any interest in land which requires to be recorded in the registers prescribed by [* * *] Section 32.
A Commissioner may hold his Court at any place within his division.
An Additional Commissioner may hold his Court at any place within the division or divisions to which he is appointed.
A Collector, [Additional Collector], an Assistant Collector (whether in charge or not of a sub-division of a district), a Record Officer, an Assistant Record Officer, a Settlement Officer or an Assistant Settlement Officer, may hold his Court at any place within the district to which he is appointed.
A Tahsildar may hold his Court at any place within his tahsil.
The Collector, Settlement Officer, Record Officer, and their assistants, sub-ordinates, servants, agents and workmen may enter upon the survey land, and demarcate boundaries and do all acts necessary for any purpose connected with their duties, under this or any other Act.
The Board or a Commissioner may transfer any case or proceeding arising under the provisions of this Act, including a partition case, from any subordinate Revenue Court or Revenue Officer to any other Court or officer competent to deal therewith.
The Collector, an Assistant Collector in charge of a sub-division of district, a Tahsildar, a Record Officer, or a Settlement Officer may make over any case or class of cases arising under the provisions of this Act or otherwise, for inquiry or decision, from his own file to any of his subordinates competent to deal with such case or class of cases;
or may withdraw any case or class of cases from any Revenue Officer subordinate to him and may deal with such case or class of cases himself or refer the same for disposal to any other such Revenue Officer competent to deal therewith.
Where more cases than one involving substantially the same question for determination and based on the same cause of action are pending in one or more Court they shall, on application being made by any party to the Court to which the Court or Courts concerned are all sub-ordinate, be consolidated in one Court and decided by a single judgment. Such cases may be filed direct in the superior Court.
Any Revenue Court may summon any person whose attendance it considers necessary for tire purpose of any investigation, suit or other business before it.
All persons so summoned shall be bound to attend, either in person or by an authorized agent, as such Court may direct, and to state the truth upon any subject respecting which they are examined or make statements, and to produce such documents and other tilings as may be required:
Provided that persons exempt from personal attendance in the Civil Court under Sections 132 and 133 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall subject to the provisions of those sections, be exempt from personal attendance under this section.
If any person, on whom a summons to give evidence or produce a document has been served, fails to comply with the summons, the officer by whom the summons has been issued may exercise the powers conferred on Civil Courts by Order XVI, Rules 10 to 13, 17 and 18 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
Every summons shall be in writing in duplicate, and shall be signed and sealed by the officer issuing it, or by such person as he empowers in this behalf.
And shall be served by tendering or delivering a copy of it to the person summoned, or, if he cannot be found, by affixing a copy of it to some conspicuous part of the usual residence and if such person resides in another district, the summons may be sent by post to the Collector of that district for service.
Every notice under this Act may be served either by tendering, delivering or sending a copy thereof by post, in a cover registered under the Indian Post Offices Act, 1898, to the person on whom it is to be served; or if such persons is a proprietor of land, to his agent; or by affixing a copy thereof at some place of public resort on or adjacent to the land to which such notice refers.
Whenever a proclamation is issued under this Act copies thereof shall be posted in the Court-house of the officer issuing it, at the headquarters of the tahsil within which the land to which it refers is situated, and at some place of public resort on or adjacent to the Land to which it refers; and if the officer issuing it so directs, the proclamation shall be further published by beat of drum on or near the land to which it refers.
No notice or proclamation shall be deemed void on account of any error in the name or designation of any person or in the description of any land referred to therein, unless such error has produced substantial injustice.
If in any proceeding of a judicial nature pending before any Revenue Court, either party desires the attendance of witnesses, he shall follow the procedure prescribed by the Order XVI, Rules 2 to 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
Whenever any party to such proceeding neglects to attend on the day specified in the summons or on any day to which the case may have been postponed, the Court may dismiss the case for default or may hear and determine it ex parte.
No appeal shall lie from an order passed under Section 200 ex parte or by default.
Re-hearing on proof of good cause for non-appearance. - But in all such cases, if the party against whom judgment has been given appears either in person or by agent (if a plaintiff, within fifteen days from the date of such order, and if a defendant, within fifteen days after such order has been communicated to him, or after any process for enforcing the judgment has been executed or at any earlier period), and shows good cause for his non-appearance, and satisfies the officer making the order that there has been a failure of justice, such officer may, upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as he thinks proper, revive the case and alter or rescind the order according to the justice of the case.
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Any Court or officer by whom an order has been passed in any proceeding under this Act may, within ninety days of such order, either of his own motion or on the application of a party, correct any error or omission, not affecting a material part of tire case, after such notice to the parties as may be necessary.
The Board, a Commissioner, [an Additional Commissioner], a Collector, an [Additional Collector], an Assistant Collector of the first class, a Record Officer or an Assistant Record Officer, a Settlement Officer or an Assistant Settlement Officer, may, with the consent of the parties, by order refer any dispute before it, or him, to arbitration.
In all cases of reference to arbitration under Section 203, tire provisions of the Arbitration Act, 1940, shall apply so far as they are not inconsistent with anything in this Act.
Any application to set aside an award shall be made within ten days after the day appointed for hearing tire award.
If the officer making the reference does not see cause to remit the award or any of tire matters referred to arbitration for reconsideration, and if no application has been made to set aside the award, or if he has refused such application, he shall decide in accordance with the award, or if the award has been submitted to him in the form of a special case, according to his own opinion in such case.
Such decision shall be at once carried out and shall not be open to appeal unless the decision is in excess of, or not in accordance with, the award or unless the decision is impugned on the ground that there is no valid award in law, or in fact; and no person shall institute any suit in the Civil Court for the purpose of setting it aside or against the arbitrators on account of their award.
All fees, fines, costs, other than costs between party and party, and other moneys ordered to be paid under this Act shall be recoverable as if they were an arrear of revenue.
A Revenue Court shall have power, subject to any special provisions in this Act, to give and apportion costs due under this Act in any proceedings before it in such manner as it thinks fit:
Provided that when land is sold under this section for moneys not payable to [the Government], the provisions of Section 161 shall not apply to such sale.
When [an order is made that a person be put in possession of any immovable property], the officer making the order may deliver over possession in the same manner, and with the same powers in regard to all contempts, resistance and the like, as may be lawfully exercised by the Civil Courts, in execution of their own decrees.
(1) Appeal shall lie under this Act as follows :]
(a) to the Record Officer from orders passed by any Assistant Record Officer;
[(b) (i) to the Commissioner from orders passed by a Collector or an Assistant Collector first class or Assistant Collector in charge of sub-division.
(ii) to the Collector from orders passed by an Assistant Collector second class or Tahsildar.]
(c) [* * *]
(2) [* * *]
(3) [* * *]
(4) [* * *]
Legal Comments- "Section 210 - Revisionary power" - Section 210 grants Board/Commissioner power to call for records of cases decided by subordinate revenue courts where no appeal lies or where appeal lies but not preferred, to satisfy legality and propriety - [Santosh Kumar VS Board Of Revenue U. P. , Prayagraj Thru. Its Member Judicial - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 813]- "Scope of Section 210 post-2016 amendment" - Post 2016 UP Revenue Code amendments widen210 revsionary reach, removing the earlier restriction that an appeal must lie; Section 210 empowers revising even where no appeal lies, subject to conditions - [Mohd. Yasir Ali Khan VS State of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 1475]- "Constitutional remedy hierarchy" - Section 210 revisions complement the appellate route (210/35/34 sequence) and do not bar appeals; they serve as supervisory checks on legality and regularity of orders - [Shailendra Kumar Awasthi VS Addl. Commissioner, Lucknow Mandal - 2019 0 Supreme(All) 2767]- "Proper forum for mutation decisions" - Mutation orders under Section 34/35 are generally subject to Section 210 revision only after proper appellate channels are exhausted; some judgments treat mutations as subject to finality but reopenable via 210/219 where fraud or illegality shown - [Vijayanand Saxena VS Board of Revenue - 2019 0 Supreme(All) 2794]- "Precedent on maintainability of revisions" - Courts consistently hold that revision under Section 219 (Act, pre-1997) or Section 210 (Code, post-2016) is maintainable against orders of Tehsildar/SDO unless barred by specific procedural bars; amendments did not erase pending revisions unless expressly stated - [Shivpujan Das Chela Siyaram Das VS State of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 1533], [Ramavtar Gupta VS State of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 859]- "Interplay with Code 2006" - When Code 2006 applies to pending cases, Section 231 requires pending matters to be decided under applicable law; transitional judgments allow revisional relief under 210/219 framework for orders decided pre/post-enactment depending on proceedings status - [SHIV CHANDER LAL VS STATE OF UTTARAKHAND - 2010 0 Supreme(UK) 749], [Baquar Husain Zaidi VS Safdar Husain - 2021 0 Supreme(All) 103]- "Boundary disputes and revision remedy" - For boundary disputes under Section 24/210, revisional jurisdiction remains available; lack of reasons in an appellate order can prompt revision under 210/219 to ensure lawful disposal - [Ramavtar Gupta VS State of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 859], [LAKSHMI PRASHAD VS COMMISSIONER (JUDICIAL) VARANASI REGION - 2016 0 Supreme(All) 1179]- "Limitation and timelines in revisions" - Amendments (2016/2019) extended/reframed timelines in certain revisional applications; courts emphasize timely disposal and avoid undue delays in revenue proceedings - [Paltoo Ram Yadav VS State Of U. P. - 2023 0 Supreme(All) 998], [B K. Electronics Wires, E-39, Industrial Area, Hardwar VS Additional Commissioner, Meerut Region, Meerut - 1990 0 Supreme(All) 657]- "Procedure in mutation vs. civil title suit" - Mutations are summary and do not conclusively decide title; corrections/entries serve fiscal purposes; civil title disputes should proceed in regular suits, with mutation decisions subject to revisional scrutiny where due process or evidentiary issues exist - [Kishori VS State of Uttarakhand - 2019 0 Supreme(UK) 87], [Puskar Singh vs Additional Commissioner, Kumaon - 2026 0 Supreme(UK) 258]- "Jurisprudence on aggrieved parties право to revise" - Any party aggrieved by an appellate order under Section 210 has a statutory right to revise under Section 219/210, as applicable, preserving access to higher scrutiny of lower-court determinations - [Nisha Devi VS U. P. Ziladhikari Jewar and Others - 2011 0 Supreme(All) 3042], [Shailendra Kumar Awasthi VS Addl. Commissioner, Lucknow Mandal - 2019 0 Supreme(All) 2767]- "Appellate order finality and revisional escape hatch" - While appellate orders have finality, revisional jurisdiction remains available to correct illegality or irregularity; finality is not absolute where fraud or misrepresentation is shown or where jurisdictional defects exist - [Rajveer Singh vs Board of Revenue, Lucknow - 2026 0 Supreme(All) 432], [Nirhi VS State of U. P. - 2021 0 Supreme(All) 400]- "Special status of Section 210 in Code transition" - The 2016/2019 amendments treat Section 210 as a broad supervisory tool; even where an order is under Code 2006, revisional avenues under 210 (and 219) remain viable to rectify errors in proceedings decided by revenue courts - [Mohd. Yasir Ali Khan VS State of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 1475], [Baquar Husain Zaidi VS Safdar Husain - 2021 0 Supreme(All) 103]- "Role of Section 34 mutations in revisional context" - Section 34 mutations (entry corrections) remain susceptible to revisional scrutiny when the original mutation order involves illegality or absence of due process; courts emphasize that mutation cannot substitute for proper civil title adjudication, but revisional relief can correct procedural failures - [GYAN CHAND VS BOARD OF REVENUE - 2009 0 Supreme(All) 3433], [Ramavtar Gupta VS State of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 859]- "Expedition of revenue appeals" - Courts commend directions for expedited disposal of revenue appeals under Section 210 to prevent undue delay in mutation and boundary determinations; interlocutory directions may require disposal within months - [Bishan Dutt VS Commissioner Kumaun Mandal - 2021 0 Supreme(UK) 216], [Santosh Agarwal VS Commissioner, Garhwal Division Pauri - 2022 0 Supreme(UK) 149]- "Costs, abuse of process, and clean hands in mutations" - Where petitioners attempt to rely on unsubstantiated or fraudulent wills/entries in mutation cases, courts may dismiss petitions with costs or remand for fresh consideration; clean-hand principles guide revisional scrutiny under 210/219 - [Rajveer Singh vs Board of Revenue, Lucknow - 2026 0 Supreme(All) 432], [025001106??] (note: refer to relevant cited items on clean hands; see related entries such as Bhagwan Bahadur VS Deputy Director of Consolidation - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 836)- "Indicated practical guidance" - When approaching Section 210/219 remedies, identify whether the challenge targets legality/propriety of a subordinate order, whether there was illegality or irregularity, and whether the matter fell within the ambit of 'proceeding decided' under the revisional provision - [Paltoo Ram Yadav VS State Of U. P. - 2023 0 Supreme(All) 998], [Baquar Husain Zaidi VS Safdar Husain - 2021 0 Supreme(All) 103]- "Editorial note on format of citations" - References to authoritative judgments highlight that Section 210 revisions function as a supervisory charter; the Board/Commissioner may direct fresh hearing or remand to competent fora to ensure-lawful disposal within stipulated timeframes - [Nisha Devi VS U. P. Ziladhikari Jewar and Others - 2011 0 Supreme(All) 3042], [Nirhi VS State of U. P. - 2021 0 Supreme(All) 400]- "Scope: applicability to pending vs. new proceedings" - Decisions emphasize that amendments to Section 210 have to be harmonized with pending proceedings; pending revisions prior to amendments retain legal effect under unamended provisions where applicable, while new applications follow amended framework - [SEVA LAL VS SRI KANT - 2012 6 Supreme 354], [Shailendra Kumar Awasthi VS Addl. Commissioner, Lucknow Mandal - 2019 0 Supreme(All) 2767]- "Remedial posture for aggrieved mutation petitioners" - In many cases, petitioners are allowed to pursue revisional remedies even after an appeal order, to ensure legality and compliance with due process, frequently with directions to dispose within six months to a year - [Nisha Devi VS U. P. Ziladhikari Jewar and Others - 2011 0 Supreme(All) 3042], [Shailendra Kumar Awasthi VS Addl. Commissioner, Lucknow Mandal - 2019 0 Supreme(All) 2767]- "Summary: essential ingredients for Section 210/219 analysis" - Key elements include (i) existence of a subordinate revenue order, (ii) legality/propriety arguments, (iii) absence or exhaustion of alternate remedies, (iv) demonstration of irregularity/jurisdictional error, (v) outcome remand or reversal with directions - [025001107?], [Nirhi VS State of U. P. - 2021 0 Supreme(All) 400] (case-collected synthesis of multiple judgments)
Unless an order is expressly made final by this Act, an appeal shall lie to the Court authorized under Section 210 to hear the same from every original order passed in any proceedings held under the provisions of this Act.
[* * *]
[* * *]
No appeal shall be brought after the expiration of 30 days from the date of the order complained of, unless otherwise expressly provided in this Act
No appeal shall lie against an order admitting an appeal on the grounds specified in Section 5 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908.
(1) The Appellate Court may either admit or summarily reject the appeal.
(2) If it admits the appeal, it may reverse, vary or confirm the order appealed against;
or may direct such further investigation to be made or such additional evidence to be taken as it may think necessary;
or it may itself take such additional evidence;
or it may remand the case for disposal with such directions as it thinks fit.
When an appeal is admitted the Appellate Court may, pending the result of the appeal, direct the execution of the order of the lower Court to be stayed.
[* * *]
(1) The Board or the Commissioner or the Additional Commissioner or the Collector or the Record Officer, or the Settlement Officer, may call for tire record of any case decided or proceeding held by any revenue Court subordinate to him in which no appeal lies or where an appeal lies but has not been preferred, for the purpose of satisfying himself as to tire legality or propriety of the order passed or proceeding held and if such subordinate revenue Court appears to have -
(a) exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it bylaw, or
(b) failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested, or
(c) acted in the exercise of jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity, the Board or the Commissioner or the Additional Commissioner or the Collector or the Rec
(1) The Board may review, and may rescind, alter or confirm any order made by itself or by any of its members in the course of [business connected with settlement].
(2) No decree or order passed judicially by it or by any of its members shall be so reviewed except on the application of a party to the case made within a period of ninety days from the passing of tire decree or order, or made after such period if tire applicant satisfies tire Board that he had sufficient cause for not making the application within such period.
(3) Members not empowered to alter each other's orders. - A single member vested with all or any of the powers of tire Board shall not have power to alter or reverse a decree or order passed by tire Board or by any member oth
In conferring powers under this Act, the [State Government] may empower persons by name, or classes of officials generally, by their official titles, and may vary or cancel any such order.
Whenever any person holding an office in the service of [the Government], who has been invested with any powers under this Act in any district in [the Agra Province] or Oudh, is transferred to an equal or higher office of the same nature in any other district [* * *] he shall unless the State Government otherwise directs, be held to be invested with the same powers under this Act in the district to which he is transferred.
The [State Government] may confer on any Assistant Collector of the first class all or any of the powers of a Collector, and all powers so conferred shall be exercised subject to the control of the Collector of the district.
The [State Government] may confer on any Tahsildar all or any of the powers of an [Assistant Collector of the first or second class] and on any Naib-Tahsildar all or any of tire powers of a Tahsildar [or of an Assistant Collector of tire second class.]
The Collector may exercise all or any of the powers of an Assistant Collector under this or any other Act for tire time being in force.
[* * *]
An Assistant Collector in charge of a sub-division of a district shall, as such have the following powers :
[(1) to exercise all or any of tire powers of an Assistant Collector of the Second Class or a Tahsildar;]
(2) to call on tenure holders or Gaon Sabhas to erect or repair boundary marks, and in default, to erect or repair and charge the cost to[tenure-holders or Gaon Sabhas] under Section 29;
(3) to fine for injuries to boundary or survey marks, and in certain cases apportion the charges of repairing boundary or survey marks under Section 30;
(4) to order alte
An Assistant Collector of the first class not in charge of a sub-division of a district shall exercise all or any of the powers conferred on an Assistant Collector of tire first class in charge of a sub-division in such cases or class of cases as the Collector may, from time to time, refer to him for disposal.
Assistant Collectors of the second class shall have power to investigate and report on such cases as tire Collector or Assistant Collector in-charge of a subdivision of a district may, from time to time, commit to them for investigation and report.
An Assistant Record Officer may, subject to the control of tire Record Officer, exercise all or any of the powers conferred by this Act on Record Officers.
Where any powers are to be exercised or duties to be performed by any officer or authority under this Act, such powers or duties may also be exercised or performed by an officer or authority superior to him or it.]
[* * *]
(B) Jurisdiction of Civil Courts
No person shall institute any suit or other proceeding in the Civil Court with respect to any of tire following matters :
(a) the arrangement of Lekhpals' [halkas];
(b) claims by any person to any of the offices mentioned in [Sections 23 and 25], or to any emolument or fees appertaining such office, or in respect of any injury caused by his exclusion therefrom, or claims by any person to nominate person to such offices;
(c) [* * *]
(d) the formation of the record-of-rights or the preparation, signing, or attestation of any of tire documents contained therein, or the preparation of tire annual registers;
(e) to (m). [* * *]
&nb
(1) The Board may, with the previous sanction of the State Government, make rules consistent with this Act in respect of all or any of the following matters, namely :-
(a) prescribing tire duties of Tahsildars and Naib-Tahsildars and regulating their postings and transfers and their appointment in temporary vacancies;
(b) prescribing the forms, contents, methods of preparation, attestation and maintenance of the record-of-rights and other records, maps, field books registers, and lists made or kept under this Act and prescribing the kind of land, if any, in respect of which any such record need not be prepared under Section 32;
(c) r
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