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Checking relevance for WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI...

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

: The court held that judicial review is not available where an alternative remedy exists, except in very exceptional circumstances. This principle was affirmed in the Supreme Court case of Government of Malaysia & Anor v. Jagdis Singh [1987] 2 MLJ 185; [1987] CLJ 110, which established that while judicial review remains discretionary, it should not normally issue when an appeal provision is available, unless there is a clear lack of jurisdiction, a blatant failure to perform a statutory duty, or a serious breach of natural justice. In this case, the appellant had an alternative remedy via appeal to the Special Commissioners of Income Tax under section 99(1) of the Income Tax Act 1967, and therefore judicial review was not appropriate. The court concluded that the High Court did not commit procedural impropriety in proceeding with judicial review, as the appellant failed to demonstrate exceptional circumstances justifying such a remedy.Checking relevance for KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI...

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

: The court held that judicial review should not normally be granted where an alternative remedy exists, such as appeal to the Special Commissioners of Income Tax. It emphasized that judicial review is discretionary and only appropriate in very exceptional circumstances, particularly when there is a clear lack of jurisdiction, a blatant failure to perform a statutory duty, or a serious breach of natural justice. In this case, the applicant had an available statutory remedy through the Special Commissioners, making judicial review inappropriate. The court concluded that proceeding with judicial review despite the availability of this alternative remedy constituted procedural impropriety, and thus the application was dismissed.Checking relevance for NORRIHA ABDUL RAHMAN LWN. PEJABAT PENDIDIKAN DAERAH KOTA BHARU & YANG LAIN...

NORRIHA ABDUL RAHMAN LWN. PEJABAT PENDIDIKAN DAERAH KOTA BHARU & YANG LAIN - 2025 MarsdenLR 3271

: The court upheld preliminary objections, ruling that the applicant did not exhaust statutory remedies and failed to disclose essential facts in his application. Judicial review should not have been invoked here, as the applicant had alternative statutory remedies available and failed to make full and frank disclosure, which is a prerequisite for judicial review under Rule 53 of the Rules of Court 2012. This confirms that the court proceeded with judicial review despite the availability of alternative remedies, which constitutes procedural impropriety.Checking relevance for SIME DARBY PROPERTY (SELANGOR) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI...

SIME DARBY PROPERTY (SELANGOR) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1274

: The court held that the existence of an alternative statutory remedy—namely, appeal to the Special Commissioners of Income Tax—precluded the grant of leave for judicial review, as the applicant had not exhausted domestic remedies. The court emphasized that judicial review is discretionary and should only be entertained when there are exceptional circumstances justifying bypassing the alternative remedy. The Federal Court in Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang confirmed that the availability of a statutory appeal remedy is a ground for refusing leave to apply for judicial review, and this principle may be considered at various stages of proceedings, including the inter partes stage or at final hearing. Therefore, the court properly declined to proceed with judicial review despite the applicant''''s claims of procedural impropriety, because the applicant had not exhausted the available alternative remedy.Checking relevance for REGIONAL LAND SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI...

REGIONAL LAND SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2023 MarsdenLR 2100

: The court held that the existence of an alternative remedy—namely, the statutory appeal mechanism before the Special Commissioners of Income Tax (SCIT)—excluded the availability of judicial review. The court emphasized that judicial review requires exceptional circumstances and that the proper forum for tax disputes is the SCIT, not the court. The applicant''''s attempt to bypass this established process was deemed an abuse of process. The court cited the Federal Court decision in Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang, which confirmed that the existence and non-exercise of a statutory remedy (such as appeal to SCIT) is a valid ground for refusing leave to apply for judicial review, and can be considered at any stage of the proceedings, including the final hearing.

AI Overview

AI Overview...

  • Procedural Impropriety and Natural Justice - The Supreme Court has recognized that even when an alternative statutory remedy exists, a writ petition under Article 226 can be entertained if there is a violation of natural justice, procedural impropriety, or jurisdictional errors. This exception is supported by cases such as Registrar of Trade Marks (1998) 8 SCC 1 and UCO Bank (2024) 4 SCR 541, which disapprove of entertaining writs despite available remedies only when fundamental principles like natural justice are breached. ["2024 Supreme(Online)(Tel) 32535"], ["2024 Supreme(Online)(TEL) 23156"], ["2024 Supreme(Online)(Tel) 40271"]

  • Availability of Alternative Remedy and Judicial Review - Courts generally prefer that parties exhaust statutory remedies before approaching higher courts via writ petitions. However, they acknowledge exceptions where the order is erroneous, illegal, or raises jurisdictional issues. For instance, courts have held that the mere existence of an alternative remedy does not bar judicial review if procedural impropriety or illegality is involved. ["

    Smt. Pramila Dosi vs Idfc First Bank Limited - Madhya Pradesh

    "], ["Smt. Pramila Dosi vs Idfc First Bank Limited - Allahabad"], ["2024 Supreme(Online)(Tel) 32535"], ["2025 Supreme(Online)(Tel) 16866"]
  • Conditions for Writ Petition Despite Remedies - The courts emphasize that the discretion to entertain writ petitions despite alternative remedies is limited to specific circumstances such as violation of principles of natural justice, procedural impropriety, or jurisdictional errors. The proper approach involves courts assessing whether the remedy is adequate and whether the order is manifestly erroneous or illegal. ["2024 Supreme(Online)(Tel) 32535"], ["

    SITI ZABEDAH KASIM & ANOR vs ACP NOOR DELLHAN YAHAYA & ORS - High Court Malaya Kuala Lumpur

    "], ["2024 Supreme(Online)(Tel) 40271"]
  • Court Approach and Discretion - The judicial approach involves balancing the availability of remedies against the need to prevent injustice. Courts like the Court of Appeal have stated that the existence of an alternative remedy does not automatically preclude judicial review, especially when procedural fairness is compromised. The courts also consider whether the remedy is an effective and appropriate course of action. ["

    SITI ZABEDAH KASIM & ANOR vs ACP NOOR DELLHAN YAHAYA & ORS - High Court Malaya Kuala Lumpur

    "], ["2024 Supreme(SRI)(CA) 467"]
  • Conclusion - While statutory remedies are generally to be exhausted, courts recognize specific exceptions where procedural impropriety, natural justice violations, or jurisdictional issues justify bypassing such remedies. The overarching principle is that judicial review remains a remedy of last resort, but it can be invoked despite the availability of alternative remedies under certain well-established conditions. These principles aim to uphold fairness and legality in administrative actions.

Mandatory Exhaustion of Statutory Remedies Before Filing for Judicial Review

Judicial Review vs. Statutory Remedies: Must You Exhaust Alternatives First?

In the realm of procedural law, the fundamental principle is that processes must facilitate justice, allowing for the correction of technical errors in evidence or procedure without undue rigidity. Yet, this flexibility does not mean bypassing established channels. A key question arises: Procedural Law Must Facilitate Justice Technical Errors in Evidence can be Corrected—but does this permit jumping straight to judicial review when statutory remedies exist? Courts consistently say no, emphasizing the exhaustion of alternative remedies to ensure orderly justice.

This blog explores this critical legal intersection, drawing from Malaysian case law and comparative insights. While procedural law aims to serve justice, it demands adherence to statutory pathways first. Failure to do so often leads to dismissal on grounds of procedural impropriety. Here's a detailed breakdown for legal practitioners, taxpayers, and businesses navigating administrative challenges.

The Core Principle: Judicial Review Is Not a Substitute

Judicial review serves as a supervisory tool over administrative actions, but it is discretionary and reserved for exceptional cases. Courts repeatedly affirm that it should only be exercised when an alternative statutory remedy exists in exceptional circumstances, and proceeding despite such remedies constitutes procedural impropriety

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

.

Key points include:- Judicial review is not a substitute for statutory remedies and is limited to exceptional cases

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

.- Available statutory remedies, like appeals to specialized tribunals (e.g., Special Commissioners of Income Tax), must generally be exhausted first

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

.- Bypassing these without exceptional justification results in dismissal for procedural impropriety

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

.

This principle upholds procedural law's role in facilitating justice by directing parties to the most appropriate forum, correcting errors through designated channels rather than overburdening courts.

Detailed Analysis: Why Exhaust Statutory Remedies?

Judicial Review as a Discretionary Remedy

Judicial review is inherently discretionary. As stated in

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

, judicial review is always at the discretion of the Court but where there are other avenues or remedies open to the applicant it will only be exercised in very exceptional circumstances. This underscores courts' preference for statutory exhaustion, ensuring technical errors—such as in evidence or assessments—are addressed via appeals rather than review.

In tax disputes under the Income Tax Act 1967, for instance, sections like 99(1) mandate appeals to the Special Commissioners

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

. Skipping this is not facilitated by procedural law's justice-oriented flexibility.

Availability of Alternative Remedies

When statutory options exist, they take precedence. In

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

, the court noted that The Respondent's issuance of assessments was supported by statutory provisions, and the court found no evidence of bad faith or failure to reason decisions adequately, emphasizing that taxpayers must seek remedies through Special Commissioners when statutory remedies exist. Similarly,

REGIONAL LAND SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2023 MarsdenLR 2100

holds that judicial review is inappropriate without exhausting internal remedies.

Comparative insights from India reinforce this. In

MASTER KAPIL DWIVEDI Vs AUTHORISED OFFICER AND ANOTHER

, ignoring settled law on alternative remedies amounts to judicial impropriety, leading to dismissal of writ petitions. The court stressed adherence to statutory appeals before higher intervention.

Consequences of Premature Judicial Review

Courts dismiss applications that bypass remedies, viewing them as abuses of process. In

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

, the appellant could not bypass appeal to the Special Commissioners of Income Tax under s 99(1) of the ITA 1967, and

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

confirmed the Special Commissioners as the proper forum for disputes.

Under Income Tax Act sections 60(8), 110B, and 99, leave for judicial review was denied as frivolous, vexatious, and an abuse of process, especially for factual disputes resolvable by Commissioners. The test from WRP Asia Pacific Sdn Bhd v. Tenaga Nasional Bhd2012 4 MLJ 296 was applied, highlighting no exceptional circumstances

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

.

In

GREAT EASTERN LIFE ASSURANCE (MALAYSIA) BERHAD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI

, the Federal Court addressed whether alternative remedies can be raised at the leave stage, affirming they can, preventing premature reviews.

Exceptions: When Judicial Review May Be Allowed

While strict, exceptions exist for very exceptional circumstances, such as:- Lack of jurisdiction.- Blatant failure to perform statutory duties.- Serious breaches of natural justice.

No such factors appeared in the reviewed cases, leading to dismissals

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

. In

Smt. Pramila Dosi vs Idfc First Bank Limited

, despite statutory alternatives, review was considered only if orders were erroneous under specific conditions—but generally precluded.

Procedural law facilitates justice here by allowing corrections for fundamental flaws unremediable via statutes, but applicants must demonstrate these clearly.

Insights from Broader Jurisprudence

Malaysian cases align with regional trends.

GREAT EASTERN LIFE ASSURANCE (MALAYSIA) BERHAD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI

discusses Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang, deciding on alternative remedies at the leave stage. Indian precedents like

MASTER KAPIL DWIVEDI Vs AUTHORISED OFFICER AND ANOTHER

warn against subordinate courts ignoring exhaustion rules, terming it impropriety.

Judicial review applications must exhaust statutory appeal remedies first; failure renders them frivolous and an abuse of court process. This is especially relevant for income tax notices of additional assessments, where appeals under Section 99 are mandatory absent exceptions (Paras 14-38, 63-64, 63.3, 63.4)

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

.

Practical Recommendations for Litigants

To align with procedural law's justice-facilitating goal:- Exhaust statutory remedies first, such as appeals to Special Commissioners or internal reviews.- Pursue judicial review only in exceptional cases, proving jurisdictional errors or natural justice breaches.- Evaluate with counsel to avoid dismissal for procedural impropriety.

Legal practitioners should reference precedents like

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

and

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

to build robust applications.

Key Takeaways and Conclusion

Procedural law indeed must facilitate justice, correcting technical errors in evidence through appropriate means. However, courts in Malaysia and India consistently hold that proceeding with judicial review despite available statutory remedies constitutes procedural impropriety, unless exceptional circumstances are demonstrated

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

.

By exhausting remedies, parties ensure efficient justice, reserving judicial review for true supervisory needs. This blog provides general insights based on cited cases—this is not legal advice. Consult a qualified lawyer for your specific situation.

References:1.

WIRAMUDA (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 1249

: Limits judicial review to exceptional circumstances.2.

KIND ACTION (M) SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2022 MarsdenLR 987

: Mandates exhaustion for tax appeals.3.

REGIONAL LAND SDN BHD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI - 2023 MarsdenLR 2100

: Dismisses for non-exhaustion.4.

GREAT EASTERN LIFE ASSURANCE (MALAYSIA) BERHAD vs KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI

: Alternative remedies at leave stage.5.

Smt. Pramila Dosi vs Idfc First Bank Limited

: Conditions for alternatives.6.

MASTER KAPIL DWIVEDI Vs AUTHORISED OFFICER AND ANOTHER

: Dismissal for ignoring remedies.

Stay informed, exhaust remedies, and let procedural law serve justice effectively.

#JudicialReview, #StatutoryRemedies, #LegalRemedies
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