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2024 Supreme(SC) 8

SANJIV KHANNA, S. V. N. BHATTI
Bharti Airtel Limited – Appellant
Versus
Vijay kumar V. Iyer – Respondent


Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Sandeep Devashish Das, AOR Mr. Ramakant Rai, Adv.
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Mahesh Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Rishi Agrawala, Adv. Mr. Ankur Saigal, Adv. Mr. Victor Das, Adv. Mr. E. C. Agrawala, AOR M/S. Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas Aor, AOR Mr. Raunak Dhillon, Adv. Ms. Aishwarya Gupta, Adv. Mr. Anchit Jasuja, Adv.

Judgement Key Points

The provided legal document primarily discusses the principles of set-off, including contractual, equitable, statutory, and insolvency set-off, and their applicability under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). It emphasizes that the IBC is a complete code that overrides other laws and clarifies that provisions related to set-off, especially insolvency set-off, are not automatically applicable during the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process unless specific conditions are met.

Specifically, the document states that the law does not recognize the application of statutory or insolvency set-off during the resolution process, and such set-off is generally disallowed unless it is contractual and existing prior to the commencement of the insolvency proceedings. It also mentions that assets excluded from the liquidation estate, including those subject to set-off, are given a preferred status, but this does not explicitly extend to claims such as EPFO claims unless they are part of the recognized set-off mechanisms.

Regarding the exclusion of claims like EPFO claims under section 36 of the IBC, the document does not explicitly state that such claims, once crystallized, cannot be excluded. However, it highlights that the law does not support automatic or self-executing insolvency set-off and that the provisions of the IBC and related regulations do not recognize or permit the exclusion of certain claims unless they fall within the specific exclusions or conditions outlined, such as assets excluded from the liquidation estate or claims subject to recognized set-off procedures.

In summary, while the document discusses the general principles and limitations of set-off under the IBC, it does not explicitly state that a crystallized EPFO claim cannot be excluded under section 36 of the IBC. The emphasis is on the non-application of insolvency set-off during the resolution process unless certain contractual or legal conditions are satisfied.


JUDGMENT :

The present appeals raise an interesting question on the right to claim set-off in the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process, when the Resolution Professional proceeds in terms of clause (a) to sub-section (2) of Section 25 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 20161[For short, ‘IBC’.] to take custody and control of all the assets of the corporate debtor.

2. In order to decide the issue raised in these appeals, we are required to refer to the facts in brief:

2.1 In April 2016, Bharti Airtel Limited and Bharti Hexacom Limited2[For short-‘The appellants’ or ‘Airtel entities’.] entered into eight spectrum trading agreements with Aircel Limited and Dishnet Wireless Limited3[For short-‘Aircel entities’.] for purchase of the right to use the spectrum allocated to the latter in the 2300 MHz band. The agreement was contingent on approval of the Department of Telecommunications4[For short-‘DoT’.], Government of India. The DoT for grant of approval demanded bank guarantees in relation to certain licence dues and spectrum usage dues from the Aircel entities. Challenging this direction, the Aircel entities approached the Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal5[For short-

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