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2025 Supreme(SC) 1143

PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA, MANOJ MISRA
Delhi Pollution Control Committee – Appellant
Versus
Lodhi Property Co. Ltd. – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Ninad Laud, Adv. Mr. Saurabh Kulkarni, Adv. Ms. Rashika Narain, Adv. Ms. Ishani Shekhar, Adv. Mr. Dcosta Ivo Manuel Simon, AOR Mr. Pradeep Misra, AOR Mr. Daleep Dhyani, Adv. Mr. Suraj Singh, Adv.
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Pinaki Mishra, Sr. Adv. Mr. B.b.gupta, Sr. Adv. Mr. Pravin Bahadur, Adv. Mr. Kishan Rawat, Adv. Ms. Rubi Singh Ahuja, Adv. Ms. Kanika Gomber, Adv. Mr. Rajan Narain, AOR Mr. Umesh Kumar Khaitan, AOR Mr. Ajit Warrier, Adv. Mr. Angad Kochhar, Adv. Mr. S. S. Shroff, AOR Mr. S. D. Sanjay, A.S.G. Mr. Gurmeet Singh Makker, AOR Ms. Swarupma Chaturvedi, Sr. Adv. Ms. Ruchi Kohli, Adv. Mr. Chinmayee Chandra, Adv. Mr. Chitvan Singhal, Adv. Mr. Mohit D. Ram, AOR Ms. Nayan Gupta, Adv. Mrs. Priya Puri, AOR Mr. Kailash Vashudev, Sr. Adv. Mr. Navin Prakash, AOR Ms. Srishti Prakash, Adv. Mr. Satya Darshi Sanjay, A.S.G. Ms. Swarupama Chaturvedi, Adv. Ms. Ruchi Kohli, Adv. Ms. Chinmayee Chandra, Adv. Mr. Chitvan Singhal, Adv. Mr. Amit Sharma V, Adv. Dr. N. Visakamurthy, AOR Mr. Avijit Roy, AOR

Table of Content
1. introduction to the case and background. (Para 1 , 3)
2. application of pollution control laws. (Para 2)
3. single judge’s unfavorable ruling on penalties. (Para 4)
4. division bench upholds single judge's decision. (Para 5)
5. arguments from both parties on regulatory powers. (Para 6 , 7)
6. core question regarding powers of regulatory boards. (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
7. distinction between restitution and punitive action. (Para 17 , 18 , 29)
8. distinction between punitive measures and compensatory actions. (Para 20 , 27)
9. court's conclusions regarding regulatory powers. (Para 28 , 30 , 37 , 38 , 39)

JUDGMENT :

Contents

(1)

Introduction

(2)

Facts

(3)

Single Judge’s Judgment and Orders

(4)

Impugned Order of the Division Bench

(5)

Submissions

(6)

Issue

(7)

Existing Legal Regime for Pollution Control in India

(8)

Insertion of Sections 33A & 31A in Water and Air Acts

(9)

Interpretation of and for Environmental Institutions

(10)

Duty to Restitute v. Power to Punish and Penalise

(11)

Principles

(A) Board’s Responsibility to Choose Appropriate Course of Action

(B) Powers Must Be Guided by Transparency and Non-Arbitrariness

(1) Introduction

1. The Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC)1 [DPCC is a regulator

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