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2025 Supreme(SC) 1590

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Pankaj Mithal and S.V.N. Bhatti, JJ.
Lucky Kumar (Since Deceased) Represented Through Legal Heirs - Appellant
Versus
Majinder Singh And Others – Respondent
Petition for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No. 626 of 2023 [Arising out of impugned final judgment and order dated 18-05-2022 in CR No. 4125 of 2019 passed by the High Court of Punjab & Haryana at Chandigarh]
Decided on : 25-03-2025

Headnote:(A) East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949 - Section 13-B - Application for eviction of tenants by NRI landlords - Respondent-landlord's claim of bona fide need for property upheld despite multiple ownerships - Court ruled that seeking vacation of multiple tenancies in the same property does not violate Section 13-B, affirming the landlord's right to apply for eviction under the Act. (Paras 4, 8, 10)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners are NRIs and co-owners of a disputed property in Amritsar. They invoked Section 13-B to evict tenants. The Rent Controller granted eviction, which was upheld by the High Court. The landlord's bona fide need was contested based on his ownership of multiple properties, which was determined not to be a bar for further applications under the Act.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the respondent-landlord's application for vacation of the shop was genuine and judicially acceptable under the provisions of Section 13-B, reinforcing that different tenancies within the same building do not constitute separate properties for the purposes of eviction rights.

Issues: The primary issues included whether the landlord's bona fide need justified the eviction and whether applying for different tenancies in the same building constituted an abuse of the right under Section 13-B.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the interpretation restricting NRI landlords to seek eviction for only one tenancy in a building is unrealistic and would defeat the legislative intent of the Act, which aims to facilitate genuine needs. Thus, multiple applications within the same building are permissible under the Act.

Result: Petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. ownership details and eviction basis (Para 3 , 4)
2. arguments on bona fide need and application issues (Para 5 , 6 , 7)
3. court's interpretation of section 13-b (Para 8 , 9)
4. dismissal of petition and application resolution (Para 10 , 11)

ORDER :

1. Heard learned counsel for the parties.

2. Under challenge in this petition are the judgment and order dated 18.05.2022 passed by the High Court and that passed by the Rent Controller, Amritsar dated 04.02.2019 in a civil suit for eviction of the petitioners/tenants.

3. The facts in brief are that the petitioners are Non Resident Indians who were living in Germany. They are the co-owners of the property forming part of Khasra No.926 min, situated at area Abadi kataria, Court Road, Near Rialto Cinema, Amritsar. The said property includes the shop in dispute i.e. Shop No.12 which forms part of the demised premises. The said property was purchased by the petitioners under different sale deeds for the reason that the different portions of the said property were owned by different persons.

4. The petitioners invoked the provisions of Section 13 -B of the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949 [Hereinafter referred to as 'the Act'.] to get the aforementioned shop vacated from the petitioners/tenants. The rent controller by the order dated 04.02.2019 had allowed the aforesaid petition and the revision against the same has been dismissed by the High Court confirming the order of eviction.

5. The submission of learned counsel for the petitioners is that the need of the respondent-landlord for the shop in dispute is not a bona fide one and that he has applied for vacation of different properties and as such, has exhausted his right to seek eviction of the petitioners from the shop in dispute in terms of Section 13 -B of the Act.

6. It is an admitted fact that the respondent-landlord does not possess any other property other than the property in question that is part of Khasra No. 926 min, which may contain several shops wherein different tenants exist. He has only applied for the vacation of the various shops from the tenancy of different tenants forming part of the same building for the bona fide need of establishing himself in a hotel/restaurant business for which the entire property as a whole is genuinely required by him.

7. The submission of learned counsel for the petitioners is that the respondent-landlord has purchased more than thirty properties by separate sale deeds and that once he has applied for vacation of one of the properties, he cannot maintain any further petition under Section 13 -B of the Act. This aspect was well considered by the High Court and it was opined that if various portions of the same property/building are purchased by the respondent-landlord by different sale deeds for the reason that they were owned by different persons and if he applies for vacation of the same, it will constitute seeking eviction of the various tenants from the same property/building and would not constitute making an application in respect of a different property.

8. In the case of Swami Nath Vs. Nirmal Singh: (2010) 9 SCC 452, a similar argument in connection with the aforesaid Act itself came to be considered and the Court held that if the interpretation advanced by the tenant is accepted, it will be lead to absurdity. This Court placing reliance upon an earlier decision observed as under:

    13. Reliance was placed on the decision of this Court in Baldev Singh Bajwa v. Monish Saini where the same question had come up for consideration and it was observed that on a plain reading of the provisions of Section 13-B, it would be obvious that once in a life-time possession is given to an NRI to get one building vacated in a summary manner. It was also submitted that the ownership of the Respondent/landlord in respect of only one building had not been disputed by the Petitioners and the only contention that was raised on their behalf was that each separate tenancy in a buildi

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