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2022 Supreme(Kar) 966

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
M. Nagaprasanna, J.
Sri Rajeev Chandrasekhar - Appellant
Versus
Sri K.koteswar Rao - Respondent
Criminal Petition No. 101127 of 2015
Decided On : 17-02-2022

Advocates appeared:
Sri C V Nagesh, Sr. Counsel, Smt.Nalina Mayegowda, Advocate, M/S Poovayya & Co, for the Appellant; Sri S.S.Yadrami, Sr. Counsel, for the Respondent.

Headnote:

CRIMINAL PETITION - QUASHING OF PROCEEDINGS - COMPLAINT REGISTERED FOR OFFENCES PUNISHABLE UNDER SECTIONS 499 AND 500 OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE - PETITIONER, MANAGING DIRECTOR OF SUVARNA NEWS 24/7 KANNADA TELEVISION CHANNEL - COMPLAINT REGISTERED FOR AIRING OF NEWS ALLEGING ADVOCATES AS ROWDIES, VAGRANTS, SCOUNDRELS AND GOONDAS - PETITIONER CHALLENGING PROCEEDINGS ON GROUNDS OF MAINTAINABILITY OF COMPLAINT, VIOLATION OF SECTION 202 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, WANT OF APPLICATION OF MIND IN ISSUANCE OF PROCESS AND EXISTENCE OF SUFFICIENT GROUND, AND THAT THERE CAN BE NO MASS DEFAMATION IN CRIMINAL LAW - COURT HELD THAT COMPLAINT WAS NOT MAINTAINABLE AGAINST PETITIONER WITHOUT ARRAYING COMPANY AS ACCUSED, ORDER ISSUING PROCESS WAS IN VIOLATION OF SECTION 202 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, ORDER SETTING CRIMINAL TRIAL IN MOTION DID NOT BEAR EXISTENCE OF SUFFICIENT GROUND, AND THERE CAN BE NO DEFAMATION OF AN INDETERMINATE GROUP - PETITION ALLOWED AND IMPUGNED PROCEEDINGS QUASHED.

Fact of the Case:

Petitioner, Managing Director of Suvarna News 24/7 Kannada Television Channel, challenged proceedings in a criminal case registered for offences punishable under Sections 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code. The complaint was registered for airing of news alleging advocates as rowdies, vagabonds, scoundrels and goondas. Petitioner contended that the complaint was not maintainable against him without arraying the company as an accused, Section 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure was violated, there was want of application of mind in issuance of process, there was no existence of sufficient ground, and there can be no mass defamation in criminal law.

Finding of the Court:

The Court held that the complaint was not maintainable against the petitioner without arraying the company as an accused, the order issuing process was in violation of Section 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the order setting criminal trial in motion did not bear existence of sufficient ground, and there can be no defamation of an indeterminate group.

Issues: Maintainability of complaint against petitioner without arraying company as accused; Violation of Section 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure; Want of application of mind in issuance of process; Existence of sufficient ground; Defamation of an indeterminate group.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court relied on various judgments of the Supreme Court to arrive at its decision. The Court held that the complaint was not maintainable against the petitioner as there can be no vicarious liability in IPC offences. The Court also held that the order issuing process was in violation of Section 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure as the Magistrate failed to conduct an inquiry or investigation before issuing the process. Further, the Court held that the order setting criminal trial in motion did not bear existence of sufficient ground as the Magistrate failed to apply his mind to the facts and circumstances of the case. Lastly, the Court held that there can be no defamation of an indeterminate group as Section 499 of the IPC and Explanation 2 thereto require that the defamation must be against a definite class of people.

Final Decision: The Court allowed the petition and quashed the impugned proceedings.

Judgement Key Points

Based on the provided legal document, the ratio decidendi of this judgment is as follows:

  • Vicarious Liability in Criminal Law: There can be no vicarious liability under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for offences committed by a company; consequently, a complaint is not maintainable against a Managing Director or an individual officer unless the company itself is arrayed as an accused, as there is no statutory provision creating such liability (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .
  • Violation of Section 202 Cr.P.C.: When a private complaint is filed against an accused residing beyond the territorial jurisdiction of the Magistrate, the Magistrate is mandatorily required to postpone the issue of process and conduct an inquiry or direct an investigation to determine if there is sufficient ground for proceeding before issuing summons (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .
  • Application of Mind and Sufficient Ground: The Magistrate must apply his mind to the facts and circumstances of the case at the stage of taking cognizance and issuing process under Section 204 Cr.P.C. to ensure there is sufficient ground for proceeding; an order that fails to reflect this application of mind or lacks specific reasons indicating the allegations constitute an offence is legally unsustainable (!) (!) (!) .
  • Defamation of an Indeterminate Group: Defamation under Section 499 of the IPC and Explanation 2 thereto requires that the imputation be against a definite, identifiable, or determinate class of persons; there can be no criminal defamation of an indefinite mass or an indeterminate group (!) (!) (!) (!) .

ORDER

1. The petitioner is before this Court calling in question the proceedings in C.C.No.1243 of 2012 initiated against him for offences punishable under Sections 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code.

2. Brief facts leading to the filing of the present petition, as borne out from the pleadings, are as follows:

The petitioner, at the relevant point in time, was functioning as a Managing Director of Suvarna News 24/7 Kannada Television Channel. A complaint came to be registered against the petitioner and several others on 14-03-2012 on an incident that happened on 02-03-2012. It transpires that one of the prominent personalities was being brought before the competent criminal Court at Bangalore, at which point in time, Advocates gathered in large numbers and created ruckus. This was telecast in television and electronic media, more particularly, in the channel in which the petitioner was the Managing Director along with other channels as breaking news wherein the Advocates were allegedly compared to hooligans. The petitioner was accused of airing certain programmes allegedly portraying community of Advocates at large as rowdies, vagabonds, scoundrels and goondas. On the said incident a complaint of mass defamation was registered by the respondent one Sri K.Koteswar Rao by invoking Section 200 of the Cr.P.C. before the competent Court at Bellary. On the complaint being registered, cognizance was taken for the aforesaid offence punishable under Sections 499 and 500 of the IPC on 15-03-2012. Pursuant to taking of cognizance, the Police investigated into the matter and criminal trial is set in motion by an order of the competent Court dated 01-09-2012. On issuance of process in C.C.No.1243 of 2012 and conduct of trial, the petitioner has knocked the doors of this Court in the subject petition.

3. This Court by an order dated 07-08-2015 stayed all further proceedings in C.C.No.1243 of 2012 insofar as it related to the petitioner in the subject petition and the said interim order is in operation even as on date. It is therefore further proceedings are not conducted and concluded against the petitioner.

4. Heard the learned senior counsel Sri C.V.Nagesh appearing for the petitioner and the learned senior counsel Sri S.S.Yadrami appearing for the respondent.

5. The learned senior counsel for the petitioner would urge the following contentions:

The complaint registered was not even maintainable as the petitioner is only a Managing Director of the company. Neither the TV News Channel nor the company which owns the News Channel is made an accused in the proceedings and therefore, the very complaint is vitiated; cognizance is taken by the learned Magistrate without even looking into the averments in the complaint; order taking cognizance on 15-03-2012 suffers from want of application of mind on the part of the learned Magistrate; the procedure as contemplated under Section 202 of the Cr.P.C. is not complied with by the learned Magistrate as the complaint is registered at Bellary though the petitioner is a resident of Bangalore and therefore, the procedure under Section 202 of the Cr.P.C. ought to have been followed by the learned Magistrate prior to issuance of process; the order passed under Section 204 of the Cr.P.C. again suffers from want of application of mind as there is no reason indicated with regard to existence of sufficient ground to set the criminal trial in motion.

6. On merits of the matter, the learned senior counsel would submit that there can be no mass defamation in criminal law as the complaint is not against the petitioner but against several others and it is not the case of the complainant that he is defamed but the entire community of Advocates is defamed. Therefore, even on merits there is no warrant for registration of any criminal case.

7. On the other hand, the learned senior counsel Sri S.S.Yadrami in defence of registration of the complaint would contend that at the stage of taking cognizance there need not be applicati

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