IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
MILIND N. JADHAV, J
Ganpat Shankar Chougule - Appellant
Versus
The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai - Respondent
Appeal From Order No. 226 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 14151 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order No. 226 Of 2025 With Interim Application No. 7163 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order No. 226 Of 2025 With Appeal From Order No. 227 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 14156 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order No. 227 Of 2025 With Interim Application No. 7164 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order No. 227 Of 2025 With Appeal From Order No. 247 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 14366 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order No. 247 Of 2025 With Interim Application No. 7481 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order No. 247 Of 2025 With Appeal From Order No. 248 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 7484 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order No. 248 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No.14368 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order No. 248 Of 2025 With Appeal From Order (St) No. 12987 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 14154 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order (St) No. 12987 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 12988 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order (St) No. 12987 Of 2025 With Appeal From Order (St) No. 12989 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 12990 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order (St) No. 12989 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 14160 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order (St) No. 12989 Of 2025 With Appeal From Order (St) No. 12992 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 12993 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order (St) No. 12992 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 14155 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order (St) No. 12992 Of 2025 With Appeal From Order (St) No. 12996 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 12997 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order (St) No. 12996 Of 2025 With Interim Application (St) No. 14158 Of 2025 In Appeal From Order (St) No. 12996 Of 2025
Decided On : 26-11-2025
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. group of appeals heard together (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4) |
| 2. background and ownership of properties discussed (Para 5 , 6) |
| 3. arguments regarding ownership and legality of structures (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11) |
| 4. suggestions of due process and prior rulings dismissed (Para 12 , 18 , 20 , 21) |
| 5. previous legal proceedings impact current case (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16) |
| 6. costs imposed on appellants for misleading conduct (Para 24 , 25 , 26 , 27) |
| 7. request for stay on judgment denied (Para 28 , 29 , 30 , 31) |
MILIND N. JADHAV, J.
1. Heard Mr. Naphade, learned Advocate for Appellants in Appeal From Order No.247 of 2025 and Appeal From Order No.248 of 2025; Mr. Thorat, learned Advocate for Appellants in Appeal From Order Nos.226 of 2025 and 227 of 2025; Appeal From Order (St.) Nos.12987 of 2025; 12989 of 2025; 12992 of 2025 and 12996 of 2025; Mr. Tamboly, learned Advocate for Applicants / Intervenors in Interim Application (St.) Nos.14151 of 2025; 14154 of 2025; 14155 of 2025; 14156 of 2025; 14158 of 2025; 14160 of 2025, 14366 of 2025 and 14368 of 2025 and Ms. Pooja Khandeparkar, learned Advocate for Respondent – MCGM.
2. By consent of the parties, present group of Appeal From Orders alongwith Interim Applications are heard finally and decided by this common judgment. Facts are identical and whenever there is a variation, it is accordingly noted by the Court. This is a group of 8 Appeal From Orders filed by 8 individuals / Appellants. They are broadly divided into two groups. Appeal From Order Nos.247 of 2025 and 248 of 2025 are filed by one group whereas Appeal From Order Nos.226 of 2025 and 227 of 2025 and (St.) Nos.12987 of 2025; 12989 of 2025; 12992 of 2025 and 12996 of 2025 are filed by another group. In the first group, Mr. Naphade appears for 2 Appellants whereas in the second group Mr. Thorat appears for 6 Appellants.
3. There are 8 Intervention Applications filed by one Nemi Krishna Cooperative Housing Society and 8 Injunction Applications filed by their respective Appellants in their respective Appeal From Orders. Mr. Tamboly, learned Advocate appears for Nemi Krishna Co-operative Housing Society in all the matters. The principal contesting Respondent is the Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay, R/South Ward Office. Ms. Khandeparkar, learned Advocate appears on behalf of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (for short ‘Corporation’) in all 8 matters whereas all learned Advocates on behalf of respective parties have addressed the Court at length and made their submissions.
4. Briefly stated challenge in all Appeal From Orders is with respect to dismissal of their individual / respective Notice of Motion filed by them seeking interim relief in the substantive Suits before the Trial Court.
5. In the first group of 2 matters, one Mr. Ashok Sambhaji Kasavkar has filed LC Suit No.2312 of 2024 alongwith Notice of Motion No.3671 of 2024 in the Trial Court seeking injunction. His wife Ms. Milan Ashok Kasavkar is the other Appellant.
6. There is a history to the case of all these 8 Appellants their structures before me dating back to as far back as 1998. One thing that is admitted by the parties is that the land on which the 8 structures of Appellants before me are situated / constructed belong to Nemi Krishna Co-operative Housing Society (for short ‘the Society’) who is Intervenor in the present proceedings. This Society is in the immediate vicinity of Kandivali Railway Station infact land / boundary of Society abuts Kandivali Railway Station. Once again all parties are ad idem on the fact that the southern portion of the Society land admeasuring 107 square meters is situated within close proximity of 150 meters from Platform No.1 of Kandivali Railway Station which is the land where the offending structures are standing / situated. Broadly when the matters are argued Mr. Naphade appearing for the first group of 2 Appellants fairly admits that their structures are the same structures covered in the previous round of
Appellants lack legal standing for injunction against demolition as they suppressed prior litigation and proved non-entitlement to the unauthorized structures.
The court affirmed that unauthorized structures on custodia legis land cannot be legitimized without substantial evidence, and frivolous legal challenges obstruct legitimate justice.
The court emphasized the necessity of prima facie evidence for lawful occupancy and the burden of proof regarding unauthorized structures, which varies based on specific case facts.
The court affirmed that long-standing residential occupancy rights must be respected and that statutory notices claiming unauthorized structures must be substantiated with clear and compelling eviden....
Municipal officers have a duty to take action against illegal and unauthorized structures, as per the provisions of the law and government directives.
The duty of municipal officers to take action against illegal and unauthorized structures, and the need for a well-considered approach by the Civil Court in dealing with applications for temporary in....
The judgment emphasizes the importance of establishing a prima facie case and balance of convenience for granting temporary injunctions, and the need for the appellant's conduct to be free from blame....
Unauthorized structures on public streets removable without notice; tax payments, electricity bills do not legitimize or create equity; clean hands doctrine bars relief to encroachers abusing process....
No proof of pre-datum line structure existence via assessments, Tikka Sheets, repair permissions, or IOD; illegal structures incurably demolishable; subsequent permissions do not legitimize.
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