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2026 Supreme(Bom) 172

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
S.M. MODAK, SANDEEP V. MARNE, JJ.
Rajendra Balwant Pande – Appellant
Versus
State of Maharashtra and Others – Respondents
Writ Petition No. 5008 of 2022
Decided On : 25-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Rahul G. Walia
For the Respondents: Prashant Chavan, Ruchi Patil, Ravindra Chile, Jyoti Chavan, Anuj Jaiswal

When comparing ACRs for promotion, upgrade gradings by one level for officer's periods on higher post versus lower post to enable fair assessment; petitioner qualifies post-upgrade.

Headnote:(A) Service Law - Promotion to isolated post - Benchmark fixed on basis of ACR ratings for preceding 5 years - Uniform benchmark across companies valid and not arbitrary - Comparative assessment impermissible between officers where one has ACRs entirely on feeder post and other has ACRs partly on lower post - Grading for periods on higher post to be treated one level higher (good to very good; very good to outstanding) to ensure fair comparison - Petitioner’s total marks enhanced to 22 exceeding benchmark of 21 - Promotion of junior set aside; senior entitled to promotion w.e.f. date of junior’s promotion with consequential benefits. (Paras 22, 26-36, 37)

(B) Judicial Review - Fixation of benchmark in domain of employer - Courts not to interfere unless arbitrary. (Para 22)

Facts of the case:
Petitioner appointed to feeder post via direct recruitment in 2014 securing merit position ahead of respondent no.4; latter promoted to feeder post in 2019 via seniority. Post fell vacant in 2019; benchmark reduced to 20 marks then restored to 21 for uniformity. Petitioner scored 20 marks (all ACRs on feeder post); respondent no.4 scored 25 (two ACRs on lower post). Respondent no.4 promoted superseding petitioner.

Findings of Court:
Promotion order set aside; petitioner promoted to post w.e.f. date of impugned order with all consequential benefits.

Issues: Validity of benchmark enhancement; fairness of comparative ACR assessment between officers with ACRs from different hierarchical levels.

Ratio Decidendi: Direct comparison of ACRs from higher and lower posts irrational; upgrade gradings for higher post periods by one level as per settled law to place on equal footing, ensuring petitioner meets benchmark.

Result: Writ petition allowed partly.

Table of Content
1. petition challenges promotion order and benchmark change. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. arbitrary benchmark hike favours junior respondent no.4. (Para 6 , 7)
3. fair promotion via uniform benchmark and merit assessment. (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
4. seniority and eligibility rules for cgm(hr) promotion. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
5. benchmark fixed at 21 marks for uniformity. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 20)
6. benchmark change not arbitrary or favouring individual. (Para 19 , 21 , 22)
7. cannot equally compare acrs from different posts. (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
8. upgrade acr grading for higher post responsibilities. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33)
9. petitioner qualifies benchmark post grading upgrade. (Para 34 , 35 , 36)
10. promote petitioner; set aside junior's promotion. (Para 37 , 38)

JUDGMENT :

SANDEEP V. MARNE, J.

1. Rule. Rule made returnable forthwith. With the consent of the parties, the Petition is taken up for hearing and final disposal.

2. Petitioner has filed the present petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India challenging the promotion order dated 30 November 2022 by which Respondent No.4 is promoted to the post of Chief General Manager (HR) [CGM (HR)]. Petitioner seeks a direction for effecting promotions to the post of CGM (HR) in accordance with benchmark prescribed in the Administrative Circular dated 9 August 2021. Petitioner seeks his own promotion to the post of CGM (HR).

3. Briefly stated, facts of the case are that Petitioner came to initially appointed on the post of Deputy Manager (HR) in the erstwhile Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB). The operations of MSEB were later trifurcated into 3 separate companies, Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (MSEDCL) being one of them. Petitioner became officer of MSEDCL. He applied for selection for direct recruitment to the post of Senior Manager (HR) and was appointed as such in the year 2006. Petitioner was thereafter promoted to the position of Assistant General Manager (HR). In the year 2014, direct recruitment on the post of General Manager (HR) was conducted by the method of In- Basket Selection Process (IBSP) in which Petitioner and Respondent No.4 participated. According to the Petitioner, he secured merit position No.1 in the said selection and was accordingly appointed as General Manager (HR) in the year 2014. The next hierarchical promotional post is the position of Chief General Manager (HR) which is apparently an isolated post. As per the Recruitment Rules, General Manager (HR) with 2 years of service are eligible to be promoted to the position of CGM (HR). The officer occupying the position of CGM (HR) retired on 31 October 2019. According to the Petitioner, though he was eligible to be promoted as CGM (HR) in the year 2019, selection process was not conducted for considerable period of time. According to the Petitioner, Administrative Circular No. 628 dated 9 August 2021 was issued reducing the benchmark for promotion to the post of CGM (HR) from 21 marks to 20 marks allotted on the basis of ACRs for the last 5 years. Petitioner claims to have secured benchmark of 20 marks and was looking forward to his promotion. However, since the selection process was not being conducted, the Petitioner has filed the present petition on/or about 28 November 2022 seeking a prayer for holding of selection process for promotion to the post of CGM (HR) in accordance with Administrative Circular No.628 dated 9 August 2021. Petitioner expressed an apprehension in the Petition that Respondent No.4 was being favoured and was likely to be promoted by superseding the Petitioner.

4. Few days before filing of the petition, Respondent No.2 issued Administrative Circular No. 649 dated 4 November 2022 enhancing the benchmark for promotion to the post of CGM (HR) from 20 marks to 21 marks. By applying the revised benchmark, the case of the Petitioner was considered for promotion to the post of CGM (HR). However, since Petitioner secur

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