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2026 Supreme(Bom) 505

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
R.I.CHAGLA,  ADVAIT M. SETHNA, JJ.
Bipin Vasant Shinde – Appellant
Versus
Pune Municipal Corporation through Municipal Commissioner – Respondent
Writ Petition No. 17202 of 2025
Decided On : 03-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. Anil Anturkar, Senior Counsel a/w Mr. Bhushan G. Deshmukh, Mr. Aryan M. Deshmukh, Mr. Aniket Kanawade, Mr. Irvin D’zouza i/b Sugandh B. Deshmukh
For the Respondent: Mr. Abhijit P. Kulkarni a/w Mr. Gourav Shahane & Mr. Shreyas R. Zarkar, Mr. Surel Shah, Senior Counsel i/b Mr. Pratik Deshmukh

Promotions on seniority-cum-merit basis require using final seniority list of feeder cadre from immediately preceding year; initial joining date irrelevant; non-speaking orders invalid; settled lists not disturbed without statutory basis.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Service jurisprudence - Promotion on seniority-cum-merit principle - Service Rules 2014, Rule 4 and Appendix 2 - Feeder cadre qualification B.E. (Civil) with 3 years experience as Executive Engineer - GR 1 August 2019, para 5.2.1 mandates final seniority list of immediately preceding year (e.g., 1 January preceding selection year) for promotion - Not initial date of joining as Junior Engineer or length of service from entry - Rule 15 reference to government interpretation not dehors statutory rules - Letters from government mere departmental opinions, not executive instructions overriding rules - GR 7 May 2021 applies only to reserved category promotions under struck-down GR 25 May 2004 - Non-speaking impugned order violating prior court direction for reasoned order after considering representations quashed. (Paras 72-88, 98)

(B) Seniority - Final unchallenged list for reasonable period (3-4 years here) not to be disturbed prospectively to rectify alleged past mistakes without legal prohibition override or causing hardship - Prospective correction without disturbing past benefits upheld only if rules permit; here impermissible as inconsistent with feeder cadre seniority. (Paras 42, 89-91, 97)

Facts of the case:
Petitioners, graduate civil engineers promoted as Executive Engineers under 2014 Service Rules, senior in final seniority list dated 11 September 2024 (feeder cadre), challenged denial of promotion to Superintending Engineer by Departmental Promotion Committee impugned order dated 11 December 2025 relying on draft select list dated 2 September 2025 based on initial joining dates as Junior Engineers (diploma holders for private respondents senior by entry but junior in feeder list); prior court order dated 11 November 2025 directed reasoned order on representations; recent draft list dated 7 January 2026 again shows petitioners senior.

Findings of Court:
Impugned order quashed; draft select list not to be acted upon; final seniority list dated 11 September 2024 to be implemented within two weeks with consequences; promotion of reserved category petitioner subject to pending Supreme Court proceedings on GR 25 May 2004.

Issues: Whether promotion seniority reckoned from feeder cadre final list or initial joining; validity of non-speaking impugned order contravening prior directions; permissibility of rectifying alleged errors in settled seniority by ignoring feeder cadre positions.

Ratio Decidendi: Under seniority-cum-merit, merit threshold met first then seniority in feeder cadre per final preceding year list governs; cannot revert to initial service entry ignoring rules/GR; reasons heartbeat of order, cannot be supplemented externally; settled rights crystallized in unchallenged list protected against uncertainty.

Result: Writ petition allowed in terms.

Table of Content
1. writ challenges dpc order denying promotion. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. parties' initial je appointments and promotions. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 17)
3. 2004 gr struck down; slp pending. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
4. 2014 rules and grs govern seniority. (Para 16 , 18 , 19 , 20)
5. 2024 list seniors petitioners; dpc ignores. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29)
6. feeder cadre seniority per 2014 rules prevails. (Para 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46)
7. initial joining date rectifies past errors. (Para 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67)
8. entry date over qualification for seniority. (Para 68 , 69 , 70 , 71)
9. seniority-cum-merit from feeder cadre mandatory. (Para 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80)
10. gr 2021 limited to reserved categories. (Para 81 , 82 , 83 , 84)
11. dpc order non-speaking; govt letters not binding. (Para 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90)
12. final lists not disturbed without challenge. (Para 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95)
13. quash dpc; implement 2024 seniority list. (Para 96 , 97 , 98)

JUDGMENT :

ADVAIT M. SETHNA, J.

Prologue :-

1. This is a Petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India seeking for the following substantive reliefs:-

“[A] That this Hon’ble Court be pleased to issue writ mandamus or writ in the nature of mandamus or any other writ or direction thereby be pleased to quash and set aside the Impugned Order passed by the Respondent no. 2, Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) of the Respondent - Corporation for the post of Superintending Engineer dated 11.12.2025 (EXHIBIT- O) and be pleased to direct not to make any promotion on the post of Superintending Engineer.

[B] That this Hon'ble Court be pleased to issue writ mandamus or writ in the nature of mandamus or any other writ or direction thereby be pleased to quash and set aside the entire the promotion process conducted by the Respondent no. 1 and 2 for the post of the Superintending Engineer of the Respondent - Corporation and all the decisions taken by the Respondent Corporation in the promotion process conducted by the Respondent no. 1 and 2 for the post of the Superintending Engineer.

[C] That this Hon’ble Court be pleased to issue a writ mandamus or writ in the nature of mandamus or any other appropriate writ direction and order direct the Respondents to call for the confidential report of the Petitioner herein and to consider the case of the Petitioner for promotion to the post of Superintending Engineer of the Pune Municipal Corporation and not to exclude the case of the Petitioner from being considered for the promotion to the post of Superintending Engineer for the current year 2025-2026.

[D] That this Hon'ble Court be pleased to issue a writ mandamus or writ in the nature of mandamus or any other appropriate writ direction and order thereby declared that the alleged selection list of Executive Engineers of the Respondent Corporation is non est and illegal and thereby quashing and setting aside the alleged unpublished probable selection list and the General Body Resolution No.206 dated 19.09.2025 passed thereby the alleged selection list was prepared by the Respondent No.1 for promotion to the post of Superintending Engineer (EXHIBIT- S).”

2. Rule. With the consent of parties the Rule is made returnable forthwith.

3. This is another contest in service jurisprudence where we are called upon to adjudicate the validity and legality of the promotion process, culminating in issuance of a final seniority list. The Respondent Nos.1 and 2 have sought to refrain from giving effect to the same, on account of compelling reasons/circumstances. The proceedings revolve around promotions of the Petitioners who are working with the Pune Municipal Corporation i.e. Respondent No.1 to the post of Superintending Engineer (Civil).

4. The Petitioners are primarily aggrieved by the order dated 11 December 2025, passed

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