IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
BIRENDRA KUMAR, J.
Deepak Mahto @ Deepak Kumar, Son of Gudar Mahto – Appellant
Versus
The State of Bihar – Respondent
Criminal Appeal (SJ) No.2932 of 2019
Decided On : 12-04-2021
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Sections 154, 161 and 164 – Evidence given in a Court on oath coupled with opportunity of cross-examination to accused has great sanctity and that is why same is called substantive evidence – Statements under Section 154 Cr.P.C. or under Section 161 Cr.P.C. or under Section 164 Cr.P.C. can be used for corroboration and contradictions only. (Para 8)
Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act, 2012 – Section 18 – Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 376 – Attempt to commit penetrative sexual assault – Conviction and sentence – Charge-sheet was submitted under Sections 376 and 511 of IPC and Section 6 of POCSO Act – Trial Court has accepted statements of prosecutrix made prior to her examination as a prosecution witness as substantive evidence – As such, impugned judgment suffers from non-application of correct principle of law while appreciating evidence during a criminal trial – Even the family members of prosecutrix have not supported prosecution case – None of doctors who had occasion to examine victim were produced as witness during trial – This is a case of no evidence – Impugned judgment of conviction and sentence is fit to be set aside – Impugned judgment reveals that trial Judge has accepted conflicting prosecution case as disclosed in statement of prosecutrix under Section 154 Cr.P.C. and under Section 164 Cr.P.C. for recording conviction without appreciating fact that these are not substantive piece of evidences and evidence brought during trial does not disclose commission of any offence or identity of perpetrator of offence – A trial Judge especially a Judge having power to award death sentence must have correct knowledge of legal principles and zeal to its proper application while exercising the most onerous responsibility of taking decision on life and liberty of person before him – Lack of knowledge of legal principles leads to miscarriage of justice and unnecessary harassment to parties to litigation – Bias and prejudices, conjectures and surmises and personal views contrary to material on record have no place in court of law – Impugned judgment and sentence passed against appellant set aside. (Paras 12, 14, 16 to 19)
JUDGMENT :
1. The sole appellant Deepak Mahto was charged under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code and Section 6 of the POCSO Act in connection with Inarwa P.S. Case No. 43 of 2018 corresponding to CIS No. 218 of 2018. However the learned trial Judge convicted the appellant for offence under Section 18 of the POCSO Act for the reason that the trial Judge was of the view that no case of aggravated penetrative sexual assault was made out rather a case of attempt to commit penetrative sexual assault was proved against the appellant. Accordingly, the learned Special Judge, POCSO, West Champaran at Bettiah sentenced the appellant to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and to pay a fine of Rs. 2 lacs. In default of payment of fine, two years further imprisonment was ordered. Out of the aforesaid fine amount, Rs.1 lac was ordered to go to the victim. The judgment of conviction dated 12.06.2019 and order of sentence dated 15.06.2019 are under challenge in this appeal.
2. The prosecution case as disclosed in the written report (Ext.2) in the pen of Isteyaq is that the prosecutrix aged about 13 years was in her house in village-Khamhiya, P.S.-Inarwa, District-West Champaran. On 16.06.2018 at about 12 night, the appellant entered into her house and forcefully established sexual relationship. The informant tried to make alarm, but the appellant pressed on her mouth. Further allegation is that the appellant lifted her and was carrying her to commit her murder, but the family members came and the appellant was apprehended and was handed over to the police.
3. On the basis of the statement aforesaid, Inarwa P.S. Case No. 43 of 2018 was registered on 17.06.2018 under Section 376 IPC and Section 6 of the POCSO Act vide Ext.-2.
4. After investigation, the police submitted chargesheet under Sections 376 and 511 of the Indian Penal Code and Section 6 of the POCSO Act. Accordingly the appellant was put on trial.
In the statement recorded under Section 164 Cr.P.C. on 18.06.2018, the prosecutrix stated that the appellant had not ravished her rather attempted to commit rape, but he could not succeed. A copy of the statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C. is Ext.-X.
During trial, the prosecution examined altogether seven witnesses. The medical examination report of the victim is Ext.-5 on the record, whereas chargesheet submitted by the police under Section 173 Cr.P.C. is Ext.-4. The production cum seizure list is Ext.-3.
5. Learned counsel for the appellant contends that none of the prosecution witnesses produced have supported any allegation against the appellant, hence the case is of “no evidence”, but the learned trial Judge misunderstood the legal principles and relied upon the statement recorded under Section 154 Cr.P.C. as well as under Section 164 Cr.P.C. for coming to the conclusion that the prosecution has proved the charge against the appellant beyond reasonable doubt. Learned counsel contends that Dr. K.M.P. Parwe who had performed radiological examination of the prosecutrix was not produced in Court nor Dr. Rubi Kumari who had examined the victim was produced by the prosecution rather injury report has been proved by Dr. Keshwar Jamil (PW-7) who was not present at the time of examination of the victim. Hence his evidence was completely hearsay evidence and the accused prejudiced in not getting opportunity to cross-examine the expert.
6. Learned counsel for the State contends that a victim of rape hesitates in disclosing what has happened against her openly at each and every opportunity faced by her and the statement of the prosecutrix as PW-1 would reveal that she has supported her earlier statement given before the police or before the Magistrate. Therefore, she is wholly a reliable witness and corroboration is not the requirement of law. Hence, the judgment of conviction requires no interference.
7. PW-1, the prosecutrix of the case has deposed as follows:-
“I am informant of this case. After the occurrence, I was medically examined. A lady d
Utpal Das and Anr. v. State of West Bengal reported in (2010) 6 SCC 493
Rama Bhagare v. State of Maharashtra reported in (1973) 1 SCC 537
SupremeToday
The need for strong, compelling, and reliable evidence to prove the guilt of the accused in a criminal case, and the distinction between the trial of Sessions case and the trial held before the Judic....
Section 157 of Evidence Act makes it clear that a statement recorded under Section 164 CrPC can be relied upon for purpose of corroborating statements made by witnesses in committal court or even to ....
The conviction under Section 376 was set aside due to lack of substantive evidence, emphasizing the necessity of corroborative evidence in sexual assault cases.
The testimony of a victim, particularly a minor or disabled, can substantiate a conviction in sexual assault cases without needing corroboration, provided it is credible and consistent.
The prosecution failed to establish the appellant's guilt under the POCSO Act due to lack of credible evidence and the recantation of the key witness.
Conviction under POCSO can only rely on substantive evidence; retracted statements are insufficient for proving guilt.
The court ruled that without credible evidence or reliable testimony, suspicion alone cannot support a conviction under the POCSO Act.
Conviction under POCSO Act cannot be sustained on the basis of unreliable witness testimonies, especially when witnesses turn hostile and fail to corroborate the prosecution's case.
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