IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
JITENDRA KUMAR, J.
Criminal Misc. No.44237 of 2015
(11.10.2023)
Ravindra Kumar ... Petitioner
vs.
State of Bihar & Ors. ... Opp. Parties
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973–Sections 144, 145 & 146–Apprehension of breach of peace on account of dispute between the parties over landed property and attachment of property Section 146 (1) Cr.P.C. Can be invoked by Ld. Executive Magistrate only after making order under Section 145 (1) Cr.P.C.–apprehension of breach of peace is sine qua non for invoking jurisdiction under section 145 Cr.P.C. by Ld. Executive Magistrate–if the effect of any dispute is confined merely to few individuals who are parties to the dispute, such dispute cannot give any apprehension of breach of public order and peace such private civil disputes comes within exclusive jurisdiction of Civil Court in the proceedings under Sections 145 and 146 Cr.P.C., Ld, Executive Magistrate is duty bound to direct the parties to put in their claim by way of Written statements and then to take evidence and make enquiry in order to ascertain, if possible, as to who are in possession–unless and untill, Ld. Executive Magistrate makes an enquiry contemplated under Section 145 Cr.P.C. he has no jurisdiction to proceed under Section 146 Cr.P.C.–after holding enquiry, if the Executive Magistrate comes to the conclusion that it is a case of emergency or none of parties are in possession or no decision was possible as to possession, he can exercise his discretion to attach property–it also emerges that in case of civil disputes, parties are required to move Civil Court for remedy and not to executive Magistrate nor should Executive Magistrate invoke jurisdiction under Section 145 and 146 Cr.P.C. in case of such disputes–moreover, when Civil Court is in seisin of civil disputes in regard to landed property, parallel proceedings before Executive Magistrate cannot be allowed to proceed–in the present case, Civil Court is already in seision of the matter–proceedings, being abuse of the process of the Court, quashed. (Paras 49 to 56)
(1979) 4 SCC 665, (1978) I SCC 210, (2013) 3 SCC 366, 2009 Cr. L.J. 1978 Cr. L.J. 671, 2008 Cr. L.J. (NOC) 479 (Guj), 2008 Cri. L.J. (NOC) 272 Guj, 1993 MH L.J. 1409, (2012) SCC Online Del 5321, (1985) I SCC 427, (2000) 3 PLJR 90, 2000 SCC Online Pat 1095, 2000 Cr. L.J. 3245, (2000) 4 SCC 440, 2005 (2) PLJR 506, 2006 (2) PLJR 181, (3) 2 Gau LR 837, 2012 Cr. L.J. (NOC) 375 (Gau)–Referred.
Jitendra Kumar, J. – Mr. Ratan Kumar Sinha, Ld. counsel for the petitioner, Mr. Pronoti Singh, Ld. A.P.P. for the State, Mr. Prakash Chandra, Ld. counsel for the Respondent no.2 and Mr. Satya Prakash Sinha, Ld. counsel for the Respondent no. 3 are present.
2. Learned counsel for Respondent no.2 also files counter affidavit along with annexures across the board supplying a copy of the same to the Ld. counsel for the petitioner and the same is taken on record.
3. The present petition, under Section 482 Cr.P.C., has been preferred for quashing the order dated 24.11.2014 passed by Ld. Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Mahua in Criminal Proceeding bearing No. 979 of 2014 initiated under Section 144 Cr.P.C.
4. The aforesaid proceeding was initiated by Ld. Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Mahua on report of Pateypur Police Station bearing Case No. 25 of 2014 dated 01.07.2014, as per which it was reported that there is tension between first party Dharmnath Sah son of Sri Brahmdeo Sah and 2nd party Kishori Sah son of Ramautar Sah on account of land disputes between the parties with reference to Khata No. 276, Khesra No. 981 measuring 16 decimal and Khata No. 293, Khesra No. 1277 measuring 8 decimal and there was recommendation by the police for initiating proceeding under Section 144 Cr.P.C.. Hence, proceeding under Section 144 Cr.P.C. was initiated by Ld. Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Mahua and after hearing both the parties and perusing the documents, the aforesaid proceeding under Section 144 Cr.P.C. was converted into proceeding under Section 145 Cr.P.C. vide order dated 23.08.2014, holding that there is apprehension of breach of peace between both the parties on account of disputes between them in regard to possession of the landed property in question.
5. By the impugned order dated 24.11.2014 Ld. Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Mahua attached the land in dispute holding that despite initiation of proceeding under Section 145 Cr.P.C. there is apprehension of breach of peace between both the parties and Officer-in-charge of Pateypur P.S. was appointed as receiver and both the parties were directed to adduce evidence in support of their claims on the next date. It further transpires that Dharmnath Sah who was first party before the Ld. Executive Magistrate and Respondent no.2 herein has purchased the land bearing Khata No. 293, Khesra No. 1277 measuring 8 decimal from one Ramesh Sah and he is allegedly in possession of the same. However, the same property is being claimed by the petitioner herein Ravindra Kumar on account of alleged purchase of the same land from Kishori Sah, who is Respondent no.3 herein and who was 2nd party before Ld. Executive Magistrate. It further transpires that the land bearing Khata No. 276, Khesra No. 981 measuring 16 decimal is in alleged possession of Dharmnath Sah, who was first party before Ld. Executive Magistrate and Respondent no.2 herein, is being claimed by respondent no.3 Kishori Sah, who was 2nd party before Ld. Executive Magistrate as his own property. It also transpires that on account of the aforesaid dispute Dharmnath Sah, who was first party before the Ld. Executive Magistrate, has filed one civil suit on 17.01.2017 against Ravindra Kumar, Kishori Sah and Ramesh Sah in court of Ld. Sub-Judge-Ist, Vaishali at Hajipur bearing Title Suit No. 55 of 2017 seeking declaration that sale deed executed by Kishori Sah in favour of Ravindra Kumar is null and void and inoperative. The same suit is still pending consideration before Ld. Civil Court.
6. Heard Ld. Counsel for the petitioner and Ld. APP for the State as well as Ld. Counsel for the Respondent nos.2 and 3.
7. Ld. Counsel for the petitioner submits that the orders dated 23.08.2014 and 24.11.2014, passed by Ld. Executive Magistrate in criminal proceeding bearing no. 979 of 2014 are liable to be quashed because the same have been passed mechanically without any fulfillment of the precondition required for passing the orders. In fact, they are abuse of the process of the
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(1) Apprehension of breach of peace – Sections 145 and 146 of Cr.P.C. together constitute a scheme for resolution of a situation where there is a likelihood of a breach of peace because of a dispute ....
Executive Magistrates cannot initiate proceedings under Section 145 Cr.PC if a civil suit related to the same property is ongoing, as it encroaches on civil jurisdiction without established emergency....
The main legal point established in the judgment is that criminal proceedings under Section 145 and Section 146(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 should only be initiated when there is a lik....
Injunction cannot be passed against a co-owner, and possession is crucial in resolving disputes under Section 145 of CrPC. Civil court decisions are binding on criminal court proceedings, and multipl....
Point of Law : Section 145 of Code concerned with restoration of possession and prevention of breach of peace and tranquillity.
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