IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
BIBEK CHAUDHURI, J.
Criminal Revision No.485 of 2019
(31.1.2024)
Pramod Kumar Roy ... Petitioner
vs.
Vartika Rai ... Respondents
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – Section 12 – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 125 – Domestic violence – Grant of relief – Applications under the Act shall be dealt with and orders enforced in same manner laid down under Section 125 of Code of Criminal Procedure – While disposing of application under Section 125 of Cr.P.C., it is bounden duty of Magistrate to give opportunity to both parties to adduce evidence there will be placed for cross-examination and on the basis of evidence of record Magistrate can dispose of application – In instant case, orders passed by Magistrate as well as Court of Appeal suffers from procedural irregularity because final order was passed granting monetary relief to opposite party without giving any opportunity to parties to lead evidence – Such irregularity touches root of procedural error and renders both orders of Trial Court and Appellate Court illegal, inoperative and liable to be set aside – Magistrate directed to dispose of application under Section 12 of P.W.D.V. Act, 2005 after allowing parties to lead evidence. (Paras 7, 8, 12, 13 and 14)
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – Section 12 – In many courts in State of Bihar application under P.W.D.V. Act is registered as a complaint case – Application under provision of P.W.D.V. Act for any relief is not a complaint and it cannot be registered as a complaint case – Henceforth, such applications be registered as Domestic Violence Case or D.V. Case along with serial no. and year of filing – For compliance of this order, order be circulated to all Magistrates in State of Bihar through the Bihar Judicial Academy – Director, Bihar Judicial Academy also directed to apprise Magistrates about reason for not registering application under P.W.D.V. Act as a complaint case. (Para 15)
Bibek Chaudhuri, J. – Though, the opposite party entered appearance in the instant proceeding through her learned Advocate, namely Mr. Ashok Kumar by filing vakalatnama on 5th/6th May, 2019, when the matter is called on, the opposite party is not represented. I have heard the learned Advocate for the petitioner.
2. Only issue involved in the instant Revision is as to whether the trial court in a proceeding under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 can pass final order without giving any opportunity to the parties to adduce the evidence and secondly, whether such order can be upheld by the court of Appeal in Criminal Appeal No. 216 of 2018 which is impugned in the instant Revision. Factual aspect of the matter though not highly relevant to dispose of the instant Revision, it may be noted down that the petitioner is the husband of the opposite party and their marriage was solemnized on 18th November, 2013. After marriage, the opposite party complaint of having the victim of domestic violence and filed an application under Section 12 of the aforesaid Act praying for relief as contemplated under Sections 18,19,20 and 22 of the said Act.
3. The present petitioner being the opposite party in the trial court entered appearance and filed his show cause/written statement on affidavit and on the basis of the statements made by the parties on affidavit, the trial court passed an order of granting monetary relief in favour of the opposite party directing the petitioner to pay a sum of Rs. 23,000/- by way of maintenance to be deposited in the existing account of the opposite party.
4. The said dated 21st June, 2018 was affirmed in Criminal Appeal No. 216 of 2018 vide order date 13th February, 2019.
5. It is contended by the learned Advocate for the petitioner that Section 28 of the P.W.D.V. Act states that all proceedings under Section 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and the offences under Section 31 shall be governed by the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Rule 6 (5) of the P.W.D.V. Rules, 2006 states: –
“The applications under Section 12 shall be dealt with and the orders enforced in the same manner laid down under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.”
6. It is needless to say that the Code of Criminal Procedure provides summary trial of a procedure under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C. In summary a trial, the parties are allowed to adduce evidence and the court is obliged to record the evidence of the parties in gist and on the basis of such evidence on record, a proceeding under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C. is decided.
7. Though it is provided that a proceeding under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C. shall be dealt with in the similar minor like that of a summary trial, but in the courts of the learned Magistrate, baring some exceptions throughout the country. The Magistrates in their convenience record the evidence of the parties in the manner laid down in summons procedure. Thus, while disposing of an application under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C., it is the bound and duty of the learned Magistrate to give opportunity to both the parties to adduce evidence there will be placed for cross-examination and on the basis of the evidence of record, the Magistrate can dispose of the application. In find, the Magistrate has power to finally adjudicate an application under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C. without recording evidence of the parties. Sub-rule (5) of Rule 6 of P.W.D.V. Act clearly states that the applications under the Act shall be dealt with and the orders enforced in the same manner laid down under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
8. Similar question arose before the High Court at Madhya Pradesh (Gwalier Bench) and a coordinate Bench by a judgment in the case of Madhusudan Bhardwaj and Ors. vs. Mamta Bhardwaj reported in 2009 CRLJ 3095 directed trial courts to adopt the same procedure as adopted while disposing of an application under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C.
9. Sub-rule (2) of Section 28 o
The court established that the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 allows the court to deviate from the prescribed procedure and devise its own procedure, including permitting evidenc....
Proceedings under the DV Act are civil in nature, and the Cr.P.C. does not apply, making petitions under it not maintainable.
The Domestic Violence Act proceedings are civil in nature, and the proper procedure involves issuing notices rather than summons, emphasizing the distinction from criminal jurisdiction.
The main legal point established is the appealability of orders under Sections 12 and 23 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, and the limited scope for interference by the app....
Proceedings initiated under Section 12 seeking reliefs under Sections 18 to 23 are civil in nature – Proceedings under Section 200 of Cr.P.C. and other relevant provisions of Cr.P.C. are not to be fo....
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