IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
MOHIT KUMAR SHAH and SHAILENDRA SINGH, JJ.
Criminal Appeal (DB) No. 138 of 2017
(10.4.2025)
Ranjit Kumar & Anr. ... Appellants
vs.
State of Bihar ... Respondent
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 302/34 – Murder – Common intention – Life sentence – Witness did not say anything about presence of informant at place of occurrence when occurrence was being committed – I.O. did not find any single drop of blood on place of occurrence and also did not find any material or evidence or any sign to show commission of alleged occurrence at alleged place – In every offence which is committed at a particular identified place, proving of such place is considered very material and failure of prosecution to prove such place of occurrence can be deemed to be fatal to case of prosecution and same situation is available in present matter – Strong motive on part of appellants to kill deceased does not appear – There is serious contradiction in respect of time of death of victim disclosed in prosecution's story and time of death as opined by medical expert which also creates serious doubt in prosecution story – In every criminal matter relating to an offence, suppression of first information regarding commission of such offence can significantly impact prosecution's case and if it is established that actual FIR was suppressed, it can lead to dismissal of prosecution's case – Appellants are entitled to get benefit of doubt – Conviction and sentence set aside – Appeal allowed. (Paras 14, 15, 16, 18 to 22)
Criminal Law – Motive – Evidentiary value – In every offence, motive of offender plays a significant role – Though, not always decisive, however, it can provide crucial circumstantial evidence, helping to establish why accused person might have committed crime, although in matter of direct evidence, motive is not a necessary ingredient for establishing guilt. (Para 16)
Shailendra Singh, J. – Heard Mr. Akashdeep, learned counsel appearing for the appellants, Mr. Abhimanyu Sharma, learned APP appearing for the State and Mr. Lakshmindra Kumar Yadav, learned counsel appearing for the informant.
2. The present criminal appeal has been filed against the judgment of conviction dated 29.11.2016 and order of sentence dated 02.12.2016 passed by the court of learned Additional Sessions Judge-III, Vaishali at Hajipur, in Sessions Trial No. 455 of 2014 arising out of Vaishali P.S. Case No. 179 of 2014, whereby and whereunder the learned trial court has convicted the appellants for the offence under section 302 read with section 34 of the Indian Penal Code (in short ‘IPC’) and sentenced them to undergo life imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 5,000/- each has also been imposed upon the appellants and in default of payment of fine, the convicts/appellants have been directed to further undergo rigorous imprisonment for two months.
Prosecution Story :
3. The substance of the prosecution story appearing from the FIR is as follows: –
As per the informant, Anil Kumar (son of the victim), on 17.07.2014 at about 5:00 P.M., his mother Leela Devi (deceased, hereinafter referred to as victim) was going to chaur area to look after her farm land (the term ‘chaur’ denotes a place situated just outside the area of village), when she reached in chaur area, she found and saw the accused/convicts, namely, Ranjit Kumar and Sanjit Kumar assaulting each other, then his mother (victim) intervened to save them, then the accused Ranjit Kumar said that the victim was mainly responsible for all domestic clashes in his house, and she should be killed and thereafter, the convict/appellant Ranjit Kumar caught hold of the shoulder of the victim and then the appellant Sanjit Kumar stabbed the victim with hasua (sickle) in her stomach, which resulted in her death on the spot, thereafter, both the accused tried to flee away with the sickle but the appellant Sanjit Kumar was caught by the people on chase and the appellant Ranjit Kumar managed to escape.
4. Describing the aforesaid prosecution story, the informant Anil Kumar, (examined as P.W.-7) filed a written application (Ext. - 1) at Vaishali police station, upon which two persons, namely, Umesh Kumar and Arvind Kumar made their signature as witnesses of the fact of lodging of the FIR and on that basis, the formal FIR bearing Vaishali P.S. Case No. 179 of 2014 dated 17.07.2014 was registered for the offence of murder under section 302 read with section 34 of IPC, which set the criminal law in motion and the investigation was started.
5. After completion of the investigation, the police chargesheeted both the appellants/convicts for the offence under section 302/34 of IPC. The learned Magistrate took cognizance of the same offence for which both the appellants were chargesheeted and thereafter, committed their case to the court of Sessions for trial.
6. Both the appellants stood charged for the offence under section 302 read with section 34 of IPC. The charge was read over and explained to them in Hindi, to which they pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried for the charged offence.
7. During the trial, the prosecution produced and examined the following ten witnesses: –
|
| Name | Nature as per prosecution | Relevancy |
| P.W.-1 | Sakila Devi | Eyewitness | Gotani of the deceased |
| P.W.-2 | Reeta Devi | Claiming to be an eyewitness | Daughter of the deceased |
| P.W.-3 | Basudeo Rai | Hearsay witness | Husband of the deceased |
| P.W.-4 | Sunil Kumar | Claiming to be an eyewitness | Son of the deceased |
| P.W.-5 | Umesh Kumar | Hearsay witness | Relative of the informant |
| P.W.-6 | Daroga Rai | Claiming to be a chance witness | Friend of the informant |
| P.W.-7 | Anil Kumar | Informant | Son of the deceased |
| P.W.-8 | Md. Rafique | Investigating Officer | I |
The court upheld the conviction based on circumstantial evidence, establishing a clear motive and reliable witness testimonies linking the appellant to the murder.
A conviction cannot stand when there are significant contradictions between ocular and medical evidence, raising doubts about the prosecution's case.
Murder – Presence of rigor mortis by itself cannot be decisive of time of death – Appellant is entitled to benefit of doubt.
The court affirmed the death penalty for the murder conviction, citing the heinous nature of the crime and insufficient mitigating factors, reinforcing the gravity of the offense relative to the soci....
Reliable eye-witness testimony of natural witnesses, consistent with medical evidence and prompt FIR, sustains murder conviction under 302/34 IPC despite alleged enmity.
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