IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
JITENDRA KUMAR, J.
Criminal Revision No. 509 of 2021
(7.7.2025)
Bulbul Khatoon & Anr. ... Petitioners
vs.
State of Bihar & Anr. ... Respondents
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – Sections 397 & 401 (BNSS, 2023 – Sections 437 & 442) – Revisional Jurisdiction of High Court – It is settled principle of law that the revisional jurisdiction conferred upon the High Court is a kind of paternal or supervisory jurisdiction under Section 397 read with Section 401 Cr.PC in order to correct the miscarriage of justice arising out of judgment, order, sentence or finding of subordinate Courts by looking into correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order as recorded or passed by subordinate Courts and as to the regularity of any proceeding of such interior Courts – However, the exercise of revisional jurisdiction by the High Court is discretionary in nature to be applied judiciously in the interest of justice. (Paras 27 & 28)
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – Section 125 (BNSS, 2023 – Section 140 read with Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 – Maintenance to Muslim wife divorced by given 'Triple Talaque' – In view of law settled by the Hon'ble Apex Court and also in view of the Act of 2019, Triple Talaq is illegal and arbitrary – However, even if it is presumed that wife/petitioner in the present case, Bulbul Khatoon is divorced, the liability of husband/Opp. Party no. 3, Md Shamshad to maintain his former wife is still then because to escape from liability to pay monthly maintenance to his wife, he was required not only to pay maintenance to his wife not during iddat period, he was also required to make provision for life of his former wife during iddat period – Even the dainmehar has not been paid – Md. Shamshad is liable to pay maintenance to the petitioner no. 1/wife fixed at Rs. 2000/- and to his son/petitioner no. 2 fixed at Rs. 4000/- per month. (Paras 48, 49, 61 & 62)
Jitendra Kumar, J. –
Introduction
The present Criminal Revision Petition has been preferred by the petitioners, praying for setting aside the impugned judgment/order dated 04.04.2020 and direct the O.P. No. 2 to pay Rs. 20,000/- per month to the petitioners towards their maintenance. The impugned order dated 04.04.2020 has been passed by learned Principal Judge, Family Court, Purnia in Maintenance Case No. 295 of 2017, whereby O.P. No. 2/Md. Shamshad has been directed to pay maintenance to the petitioner No. 2/Danish Raza @ Rahul at the rate of Rs. 4,000/- per month from the date of order i.e. 04.04.2020. However, petitioner No. 1/Bulbul Khatoon has been denied any maintenance holding that she is not entitled to get any maintenance from O.P. No. 2.
The Case of the Petitioners
2. The petitioners have filed Maintenance Case No. 295 of 2017 on 30.10.2017 before the Family Court, Purnia under Section 125 Cr.PC against O.P. No. 2 herein/Md. Shamshad, who is husband of the petitioner No. 1/Bulbul Khatoon and father of petitioner No. 2/Danish Raza @ Rahul, stating that the marriage between Bulbul Khatoon and Md. Shamshad was solemnized on 18.02.2013 as per Muslim Rites and Customs and after the marriage, Bulbul Khatoon joined the matrimonial home of her husband/Md. Shamshad and subsequently, Danish Raza @ Rahul was born out of the wedlock in March, 2014. It was further stated that during the pregnancy, Bulbul Khatoon came back to her parental home on account of ill behavior of relatives of her husband and after the birth of the child, her husband and his family members started demanding Rs. 5 lac towards additional dowry and they threatened that in case, she failed to pay the additional dowry, Md. Shamshad would solemnize second marriage with other girl. As per further case, on account of failure of Bulbul Khatoon to pay the additional dowry, she was ousted from the matrimonial home on 17.07.2017 along with newly born child and even her ornaments were snatched from her. It was further stated that after ousting his wife Bulbul Khatoon, Md. Shamshad solemnized second marriage with one Kajal Khatoon, daughter of Md. Naseem. It is also stated that Bulbul Khatoon was unable to maintain herself and her minor son, whereas Md. Shamshad has sufficient means to maintain his wife and child having ten acres of agricultural land, tractor and corn factory machine and having Rs.5 lac annual income. Bulbul Khatoon and her son Danish Raza @ Rahul had claimed for monthly maintenance @ Rs.20,000/-.
The Case of the Respondent No. 2
3. On notice, Md. Shamshad appeared before the Family Court and filed his written statement contesting the maintenance petition filed by Bulbul Khatoon and her son. However, he has admitted his marriage with Bulbul Khatoon and his paternity of Danish Raza @ Rahul. However, he claimed in his written statement that after the marriage, Bulbul Khatoon joined his matrimonial home and thereafter, she went back to her maike and thereafter, she was again taken back to the matrimonial home. However, during her stay at his matrimonial home, she developed illicit relationship with one Md. Tarikat. He further claimed that Md. Tarikat hatched conspiracy to entice his wife away from his house and under his conspiracy, his wife Bulbul Khatoon left the matrimonial home on 14.06.2017 and went back to her maike and thereafter ran away from her parental home with Md. Tarikat along with her son. Thereafter, at 9 O’clock on 16.06.2017, Md. Shamshad called a panchayat at Library Bhawan at Sadhubaili under the Chairmanship of former Sarpanch/Md. Firoz, which was appointed by the present Mukhiya, Sarpanch and other dignitaries of the village. Panchayat was attended by Md. Hasim, father of Md. Tarikat and elder brother of Bulbul Khatoon. After hearing both the parties, the panch entrusted the responsibility to Md. Hasim, father of Md. Tarikat and elder brother of his wife to search Bulbul Khatoon and her son and hand them over to Md. Shamshad by 21.06.201
Duli Chand vs. Delhi Administration
State of Kerala vs. Puttumana I. J. Namboodiri
Thankappan Nada vs. Gopala Krishnan
Jagannath Chaudhary vs. Ramayan Singh
Bindeshwari Prasad Singh @ B.P. Singh vs. State of Bihar (Now Jharkhand)
Manju Ram Kalita vs. State of Assam
Amit Kapoor vs. Ramesh Chander
Shlok Bhardwaj vs. Runika Bhardwaj
Sanjaysinh R. Chavan vs. D. G. Phalke
Malkeet Singh Gill vs. State of Chhattisgarh
Mohd. Ahmed Khan vs. Shah Bano Begum
The Court found that a wife is entitled to maintenance despite allegations of adultery unless proven, and the husband's divorce claim was invalid due to the practice of Triple Talaq being illegal.
A husband must provide maintenance to his wife if she is unable to support herself, even post-divorce under certain conditions, emphasizing the necessity of evidence in divorce claims.
Proceeding under Section 125 Cr.P.C. is available to revisionist once she had taken resort to proceeding under Section 125 Cr.P.C.
Section 125 provides maintenance to wives, children and parents who are unable to maintain themselves.
Point of Law : Muslim Women Protection Act - Liability under Section 3 - Husband cannot be fastened with liability to continue to pay the maintenance under Section 125 of Cr.P.C till the wife invokes....
The court emphasized the welfare nature of maintenance laws and the need to prevent destitution, holding that grounds of cruelty, adultery, and desertion did not disentitle the respondent from receiv....
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