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2025 Supreme(Pat) 1579

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA 
JITENDRA KUMAR, J.
Md Murshid Alam, Son of Md. Kousar Ali - Petitioner – Appellant 
Versus 
State of Bihar – Respondent
Criminal Revision No.657 of 2022
Decided On : 30-08-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. Ranjan Kumar Jha, Advocate Mr. Rana Pratap Singh, Advocate Mr. Vikas Kumar, Advocate
For the State :Mr. Anuj Kumar Srivastava, Md. Najmul Hodda, Advocate

IMPORTANT POINT
A husband must provide maintenance to his wife if she is unable to support herself, even post-divorce under certain conditions, emphasizing the necessity of evidence in divorce claims.

Headnote:

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 125—Award of monthly maintenance of Rs.7,000/- per month to wife— "Wife" includes a woman who has been divorced by her husband, but has not remarried—Section 125 Cr.P.C. is secular in nature and it is not in conflict with any particular religion or personal law—Right of a divorced Muslim woman to claim maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. is not affected by personal law—Liability of a Muslim husband to pay maintenance to his divorced wife is not confined to Iddat period, if he fails to make reasonable and fair provision for future of a divorced wife during Iddat period and divorced wife has not re-married and she is unable to maintain herself—Reasonable and fair provision may include provision for her residence, her food, her clothes and other articles—Marriage between parties is subsisting as of now for want of any evidence to the contrary—Impugned order upheld—Criminal Revision Petition dismissed. (Paras 27, 28, 30, 41 and 44)

Family Courts Act, 1984—Section 7—Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 125—Under Muslim Law, marriage may be dissolved by parties by mutual agreement—However, if there is any dispute between parties regarding mutual agreement for dissolution of their marriage, marital status of parties has to be decided by Family Court—Disputed question of fact regarding marital status of parties cannot be decided in a proceeding under Section 125 of Cr.P.C. which is summary in nature. (Para 39)

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 397 read with Section 401—Under revisional jurisdiction, High Court is not entitled to re-appreciate evidence for itself as if it is acting as a Court of appeal—Revisional power cannot be equated with power of Appellate Court, nor can it be treated even as a second appellate jurisdiction—Ordinarily, it is not appropriate for High Court to re-appreciate evidence and come to its own conclusion on the same when evidence has already been appreciated by Trial and Appellate Court, unless there are exceptional situations like glaring error of law or procedure and perversity of finding, causing flagrant miscarriage of justice, brought to notice of High Court. (Para 21)

Cases Referred:

Mohd. Ahmed Khan vs. Shah Bano Begum, (1985) 2 SCC 556; Danial Latifi vs. Union of India, (2001) 7 SCC 740; Mohd. Abdul Samad vs. State of Telangana, (2025) 2 SCC 49; Rajnesh vs. Neha, 2021 (1) BLJ 1 (SC) : (2021) 2 SCC 324; Mohd. Arif Ali vs. Afsarunnisa, 2025 SCC OnLine TS 368; Hasina Bano vs. Mohd. Ehsan, 2024 SCC OnLine All 5194; Asbi K.N. vs. Hashim M.U., 2021 SCC OnLine Ker 3945—Relied.

Table of Content
1. background of marriage and maintenance claim. (Para 2 , 3)
2. disputed reasons for separation and marriage status. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. evidence presented by both parties. (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
4. family court's findings on maintenance entitlement. (Para 11 , 12 , 13)
5. scope of high court's revisional jurisdiction. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 24)
6. legal provisions under section 125 cr.pc. (Para 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31)
7. analysis of marriage status and maintenance obligation. (Para 35 , 36 , 39 , 42)
8. final order and dismissal of the revision petition. (Para 44 , 45)

CAV JUDGMENT :

Introduction

The present Criminal Revisions Petition has been preferred by the Petitioner against the impugned Final Order dated 20.03.2021 passed by learned Principal Judge Family Court, Bhagalpur in Maintenance Case No. 15 of 2018, whereby learned Principal Judge has directed the Petitioner herein to pay Rs.7,000/- per month to his wife, who is the Opposite Party No.2 herein, towards her maintenance from the date of the order i.e 20.03.2021.

The case of Nazia Shaheen, (Petitioner before the Family Court and O.P. No.2 herein)

2. Nazia Shaheen, who was the Petitioner in the maintenance case before the Family Court and is Opposite Party No.2 herein, was married to Md. Murshid Alam on 01.12.2010 as per Muslim rites and customs and subsequent to the marriage, she joined the matrimonial home of her husband. However, just after few weeks, she was subjected to torturing by her husband and his family members, and hence, she left her sasural and started living at her maike. It was also claimed by Nazia Shaheen that she is a pardanashi lady and she has no source of income, but her husband Md. Murshid Alam is not paying any maintenance to her from the year 2011, whereas he is a man of wealth and income, working in a private company at Singapore and she has claimed maintenance @ Rs.15,000/- per month from her husband Md. Murshid Alam.

The case of Md. Murshid Alam, (Opposite Party before the Family Court and Petitioner herein)

3. Md. Murshid Alam, who was the Opposite Party before the Family Court and is the Petitioner herein, appeared before the Family Court on notice and filed his objection by way of written statement, in which he has admitted his marriage with Nazia Shaheen. However, he has denied that he ever subjected his wife to any cruelty. He has further claimed that just after three or four days of her stay at his matrimonial home, she left his matrimonial home and thereafter, she used to come to his home off and on. It was also claimed by him that his wife, Nazia Shaheen is not a pardanashi lady and she moves everywhere including public places like Courts, markets. She also moves with unknown persons at different times, which casts cloud on her character and she wants to live some luxurious life as per her own accord. She is a lady of independent nature and she never lives in guardianship of her parents or husband, and hence, she had left the matrimonial home. She was also not satisfied with general life of a middle class family.

4. As per the further case of Md. Murshid Alam, he has filed one Matrimonial Case bearing No. 188 of 2013 for restitution of conjugal rights against his wife, Nazia Shaheen before Family Court, in which compromise was reached at between them, as per which his wife was to receive a sum of Rs.1,00,000/- towards her alimony/den mohar and expenses of iddat and thereafter, he was not required to pay anything to her in future. In pursuance to the compromise, he has also paid Rs.1,00,000/- to her, and hence, the matrimonial tie between them came to an end. Hence, she is not entitled to get any maintenance and the maintenance petition was misconceived. He has also stated that one false Criminal Complaint Case bearing No. 138 of 2015 was filed by her in the Court of learned A.C.J.M.-IV, Bhagalpur, which is pending. He has claimed that he has other liabilities like old ailing mother and unemployed brother.

Dispute between the parties

5

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