ORDER :

1. As in all the three writ petitions, common questions are involved, therefore, they are being decided by this common order.

2. Petitioners have filed these writ petitions against the impugned notice dated 17.04.2023 and 26.04.2023 (Annexure P-4 & P-5) issued by respondent No.1 and also sought issuance of direction to the respondents to give impugned Ordinance No.197 dated 11.01.2023 prospective effect, whereby the minimum passing marks in semester exams have been enhanced to 40% instead of 33%.

3. Facts relevant for disposal of these petitions are that petitioners are students of respondent No.1-college, who took admission in B.Sc. under graduate course in the academic session 2022-23 and submitted their examination forms for B.Sc. 1st semester. Exam of 1st semester was conducted by respondent No.1- college in the month of December, 2022 and January, 2023 and thereafter the results were declared in the month of April, 2023. After declaration of results, petitioners came to know that minimum marks for passing the subjects was 40% instead of 33% which made petitioners to file these writ petitions.

4. Learned counsel for petitioners submits that petitioners after passing their h