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2025 Supreme(Chh) 283

HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
RAJANI DUBEY, AMITENDRA KISHORE PRASAD, JJ.
Arun Kumar Vaishnav @ Chanky, S/o. Late Prabhu Das Vaishnav – Appellant
Versus
State of Chhattisgarh Through, Police Station Urga – Respondent
CRA No. 304 of 2015
Decided On : 25-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Rishi Rahul Soni, Advocate
For the Respondents: Mr. Afroj Khan, P.L.

The prosecution must establish an unbroken chain of evidence beyond reasonable doubt for conviction, failing which the accused is entitled to acquittal.

Headnote:(A) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 374(2) - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 363, 364-A, 302, and 201 - Appeal against conviction for kidnapping and murder - Appellant acquitted due to failure of prosecution to establish the case beyond reasonable doubt and verify the chain of circumstantial evidence (Paras 28, 35).

(B) Burden of proof - The prosecution must establish a clear and unbroken chain of circumstances that points to the guilt of the accused, ruling out every hypothesis consistent with innocence (Paras 33).

(C) Electronic evidence - Evidence under Section 65B of the Evidence Act is mandatory for admissibility of electronic records; any reliance on electronic evidence without requisite certificate is invalid (Paras 26, 30).

Facts of the case:
The appellant was convicted of kidnapping and murdering a minor for ransom based on circumstantial evidence, including telephone records and the alleged recovery of the victim's body. However, significant deficiencies were identified in the prosecution's evidence (Paras 2-4).

Findings of Court:
The trial court's conviction was set aside due to lack of credible evidence and procedural lapses, indicating the prosecution failed to meet its burden of proof (Paras 35-36).

Issues: The main questions revolved around the sufficiency of circumstantial evidence and the admissibility of electronic evidence in court (Para 28).

Ratio Decidendi: The court reaffirmed that every link in circumstantial evidence must be proven without doubt, and evidence must meet legal standards for admissibility, particularly with electronic records (Paras 33-34).

Result: Appeal allowed, conviction and sentence set aside, appellant acquitted.

Table of Content
1. details of the missing person's case and arrest. (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
2. contentions of the appellant's counsel regarding false implication. (Para 5)
3. state's arguments supporting the trial court's judgment. (Para 6)
4. trial court justified the determination of homicide. (Para 8)
5. witness testimonies establishing the events surrounding bhupesh's kidnapping. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
6. failure of prosecution to present admissible evidence. (Para 30 , 31 , 33)
7. the court's conclusion leading to the overturning of the conviction. (Para 34)

Judgment :

Rajani Dubey, J.

1. This appeal under Section 374(2) of Cr.P.C. has been filed by the appellant against the judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 26.12.2014 passed by learned 2nd Additional Sessions Judge, District Korba (C.G.) in Sessions Trial No.76/2013 whereby, the trial Court convicted the appellant and sentenced him as under:-

2. Case of the prosecution, in brief, is that on 16.05.2013, complainant Mukesh Kumar Bairagi lodged a missing report of his child Bhupesh alisa appu aged about 6 years along with his description. On the basis of above information, a missing person Case No. 13/13 was registered by the Urga Police station and by registering Rojnamchasanha No. 22, search proceedings were initiated. On 17.05.2013, an unknown person called the minor’s grandfather, Jagdish Das Vaishnav, on his mobile number 9993585275 from mobile number 7805990913 at about 19:00 hours, demanding a ransom of Rs.10,00,000/- for the release of the kidnapped child. Upon obtaining call details, it was revealed that the SIM used for the ransom call had been issued to one Amit on the basis of forged documents, leading to registration of a separate offence under Sections 420 and 467 IPC against shopkeeper Sohan Lal Gupta. As the SIM was subsequently found to be linked to the accused, Urga Police registered FIR No. 72/13 under Sections 363 and 364 IPC. The call details of the said mobile number were collected, and the accused was arrested on 17.05.2013. During interrogation before witnesses, the accused disclosed that, due to financial constraints and with the intention of humiliating the child’s financially well-off family, he kidnapped the child, demanded ransom, strangulated him to death, and concealed the body inside a storeroom. A Panchnama was prepared, the body was recovered, post-mortem was conducted and the body was handed over to the family. A site map, further Panchnamas, and witnesses’ statements were recorded; the mobile phone used in the incident, relevant SIM cards, and another phone recovered from Jagdish were seized. The accused was remanded to judicial custody. Upon completion of the investigation, a charge-sheet was filed for the offences punishable under Sections 363, 364-A, 302, and 201 of the IPC before the Judicial Magistrate, who committed the case to the Sessions Court, from where it was transferred to the trial Court for trial. The learned trial Court thereafter framed charges under Sections 363, 364-A, 302 and 201 of the IPC against the appellant, to which the appellant abjured his guilt and sought trial.

3. To establish the guilt of the accused/appellant, the prosecution examined as many as 13 witnesses. The statement of the accused/appellant was recorded under Section 313 of the Cr.P.C., wherein he denied all the incriminating circumstances appearing against him in the prosecution evidence and pleaded innocence and false implication. In defence, he examined one witness namely Shashikant Vaishnav as D.W.-1.

4. Upon appreciation of the oral and documentary evidence available on record, the learned trial Court, by its judgment dated 26.12.2014, found the evidence adduced by the prosecution to be trustworthy and accordingly convicted and sentenced the appellant as mentioned in paragraph 1 of this judgment. Hence, this appeal.

5. Learned counsel for the appellant submits that the impugned judgment passed by the learned trial Court is illegal, arbitrary and based

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