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2015 Supreme(Del) 484

HIGH COURT OF DELHI
PARDEEP NANDRAJOG AND PRATIBHA RANI, JJ.
Arvinder Singh & Another – Appellants
Versus
Lal Pathlabs Pvt Ltd. & Others – Respondents
FAO (OS) No. 473 of 2014 & CM No. 20860 of 2014
Decided On : 26-03-2015

Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellants:Krishnendu Datta, Sanyat Lodha, Rahul Malhotra, Advocates
For the Respondents:R1 & R2, Sanjeev Sharma, Angad Kochhar, Abhishek Shivpuri, R3, Jayant K. Mehta, Kapil Rustagi, Madhavi Khare, Advocates

Headnote:

Contract Act, 1872 - Section 27 - Injunction - Restraint of profession - Lifting of corporate veil - Scope of - Appellants executed Retainership Agreements with Dr.Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd. in which the two agreed to work for Dr.Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd - Both agreed to render professional services to Dr.Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd. for a minimum of three years and for a period of five years thereafter they would not compete with the business of Dr.Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd. - Both took up employment with M/s. Arth Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd - Injunction granted by the Single Judge - Appellants are restrained from carrying on practice/business/profession as a Pathologist or as a Radiologist in the city - Sweep of the span of the injunction to prohibit the appellants to carry on their profession as Pathologist or Radiologist would render the appellants incapable of working as a Pathologist or Radiologist in any capacity - This would be contrary to Section 27 of the Contract Act - Appellants cannot overtly or covertly carry on a business of running a Pathlab or a X-ray Diagnostic Centre by forming a venture where the organizational structure has the essential attributes of a business - Single Judge has not pierced the veil to see whether the appellants were the real face of M/s. Arth Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. - Only argument to pierce the corporate veil is that Dr. Arvinder Singh had advanced Rs.10,00,000/- to Satyendra Singh Panwar and that Dr. Arvinder Singh had started holding himself as the Chief Managing Director and Chief Pathologist of M/s. Arth Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd - Receipt of Rs.10,00,000/- by Satyendra Singh Panwar has been admitted, the other allegation is denied - Shareholding pattern of M/s. Arth Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. has been highlighted as per which neither Dr. Arvinder Singh nor Dr. Rajendra Kachhawa own any share of M/s. Arth Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. - Held, prima-facie no case is made out to lift the veil of M/s. Arth Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd - View taken by the Single Judge that the appellants cannot carry on any activity as professionals is thus contrary to law and is set aside - Appellants are permitted to carry on professional activities as a Pathologist and Radiologist respectively, but not in a manner which would amount to carrying on business by corporatizing themselves.

JUDGMENT:-

Pardeep Nandrajog, J.

1. The appellants: Dr. Arvinder Singh and Dr. Rajendra Kachhawa are residents of the city of Udaipur in the State of Rajasthan. Whereas the former has a degree in Medicine (Pathology), the latter has a degree in Radiology. Both of them belong to the medical profession and are registered with the respective body, without being registered with which, they would not be entitled to practice their vocation as a Pathologist and a Radiologist respectively. Treating them with respect the society calls them ‘Doctor Sahib’. The two are good friends and stand by each other in thick and thin.

2. The two entered into a partnership in the year 1999 and carried on business of a pathlab and diagnostic centre under the name and style ‘M/s. Amolak X-Ray and Diagnostic Centre’ in the city of Udaipur. In the year 2003 the two set up a company : ‘M/s. Piramal Diagnostic Services Pvt. Ltd.’ which took over the business of the partnership firm, but under the name ‘Wellspring Amolak Pathlab Diagnostic’, which was later on changed to ‘Piramal Amolak Diagnostics’.

3. The entire shareholding of the company was held by the appellants. The company acquired a plot of land in Udaipur on which a building was constructed. A pathlab and a diagnostic centre was set up therein.

4. The appellants incorporated the company M/s. Amolak Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. 100% equity of which was held by them. On November 24, 2009 M/s. Amolak Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. acquired the assets and liabilities of M/s. Piramal Diagnostics Services Pvt. Ltd. It was followed by a share purchase agreement dated January 21, 2011 under which the first respondent: Dr. Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd. acquired all the shares of M/s. Amolak Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. and took over the business and assets of M/s. Amolak Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. This agreement has a non-compete covenant (10.4.1) which reads as under:-

“10.4.1 Non-Compete. From the Completion Date, the Sellers shall not, directly or indirectly, at any point of time, whether through partnership or as a shareholder, joint venture partner, collaborator, employee, consultant or agent or through relative or in any manner whatsoever, whether for profit or otherwise, carry on any business which competes directly or indirectly with the whole or any part of the business carried on by the Company on the Completion Date. The Sellers expressly agree that they shall not engage in any business which competes directly or indirectly with the Company, whether during the continuance of their agreement for providing their services to the Company or thereafter. It is hereby made clear that going forward at any point of time the Sellers whether they are associated or not with the Purchaser will engage directly or indirectly in any business which competes with the business of the Purchaser.”

5. It is apparent that there is a typographic error in the last sentence of the above noted paragraph for the reason the sentence ‘It is hereby made clear that going forward at any point of time the Sellers whether they are associated or not with the Purchaser will engage directly or indirectly in any business which competes with the business of the Purchaser’, literally read would mean that the sellers are bound to engage directly or indirectly in the business which competes with the business of the plaintiff. The word ‘not’has to be inserted between the words ‘will’ and ‘engage’, to read ‘will not engage’.

6. Simultaneously, the appellants executed Retainership Agreements dated January 21, 2011 with Dr. Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd. in which the two agreed to work for Dr. Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd. on the terms contained in the Retainership Agreement. The two agreed to render professional services to Dr. Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd. for a minimum of three years. The two also agreed that for a period of five years thereafter they would not compete with the business of Dr. Lal Pathlabs Pvt. Ltd., and we note the relevant clause is identically worded in the two agreements which ap

































































































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