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2023 Supreme(Del) 4237

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Yashwant Varma, J.
M/s Ksheeraabd Construction Pvt. Ltd. – Appellant
Versus
National Highways And Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. & Anr. – Respondents
O.M.P.(I) (COMM.) 128 of 2023
Decided On : 23-05-2023

Advocates appeared:
Mr. Vikas Mehta, Ms. Anshula Grover, Advocates, for the Petitioner.
Mr Kunal Tandon, Ms. Richa Sharma, Advocates, for the Respondent-1.

Headnote:(A) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - Section 9 - Specific Relief Act, 1963 - Section 14(d) - Termination of construction contract - Appellant sought an ad interim stay on a Termination Notice issued by NHIDCL for a contract to construct a road due to alleged slow progress and failure to meet milestones - Court addressed the distinction between undefined and determinable contracts, holding that contracts which can be terminated upon breach or default cannot be enforced under Section 14(d) - Findings indicated a significant lack of progress, with only 79.12% completion despite extensions granted by NHIDCL - The contract was found to be determinable based on numerous breaches of terms laid out in the agreement - The court dismissed the petition for interim relief, stating that providing such relief would contradict statutory provisions. (Paras 28-56)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, a construction company, was awarded a contract for completing road construction in Nagaland with an original completion date of June 30, 2022. Post extensions granted, the project was only 79.12% completed by February 3, 2023. NHIDCL claimed slow progress and issued a Termination Notice on April 17, 2023.

Issues: Determination of whether the contract was enforceable given its express terms for termination upon breach. Legal considerations over the nature of the contract under Section 14(d) of the SRA.

Ratio Decidendi: The contract was deemed inherently determinable due to provisions allowing termination based on failure to meet specified milestones. The appointment to an injunction could not displace the statutory bar under the SRA prohibiting relief for contracts deemed inherently determinable.

Result: Petition dismissed with costs.

Table of Content
1. petition filed seeking reliefs regarding contract termination. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. discusses details of contract execution and obligations. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. identifies issues raised by the termination notice. (Para 7)
4. examines arguments relating to contract as determinable or not. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
5. outlines court’s decisions and reasoning regarding jurisdiction and relief. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)
6. an overview of the principles under the specific relief act. (Para 15)
7. final conclusions on the merits of petitioner’s arguments and claims. (Para 17 , 18 , 19)
8. clarification of the court's dismissal of the petition. (Para 20 , 21 , 22)

ORDER

1. This petition under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 [The Act] has been preferred seeking the following reliefs:

    "a. Grant ad interim stay on the effect and operation of the Termination Notice dated 17.04.2023 issued by Respondent No. 1, with respect to the Contract "Construction of two-lane with hard shoulder of Changtongya-Longleng Road on EPC basis from existing Km.16.530 to Km 29.530 (Design Km. 18,779 to Km. 33.428, Design length 14.649 Kms.) in the State of Nagaland (Pkg-2) under NH (O) Plan";

    b. Restrain the Respondent No. 1 from acting in furtherance of the Termination Notice dated 17.04.2023 issued by Respondent No. 1, with respect to the Contract "Construction of two-lane with hard shoulder of Changtongya-Longleng Road on EPC basis from existing Km. 16.530 to Km 29.530 (Design Km. 18.779 to Km. 33.428, Design length 14.649 Kms.) in the State of Nagaland (Pkg-2) under NH (O) Plan"

    c. Restrain the Respondent No. 1 from taking any coercive steps against the Petitioner under the Contract "Construction of two-lane with hard shoulder of Changtongya-Longleng Road on EPC basis from existing Km. 16.530 to Km 29.530 (Design Km. 18.779 to Km. 33.428, Design length 14.649 Kms.) in the State of Nagaland (Pkg-2) under NH (O) Plan"

    d. Restraint the Respondent No. 1 from retendering the balance work in the contract being "Construction of two-lane with hard shoulder of Changtongya-Longleng Road on EPC basis from existing Km. 16.530 to Km 29.530 (Design Km. 18.779 to Km. 33.428, Design length 14.649 Kms.) in the State of Nagaland (Pkg-2) under NH (O) Plan"

    e. Direct the Respondent No. 1 to allow the Petitioner to continue with the execution of the balance contract works and allow them to complete the same within 60 dry days and complete the project works in all respects.

    f. Direct the Respondent No. 1 to refund the excess amount held by them vis-a-vis the amount equivalent to the amount of bank guarantees issued by Punjab National Bank, by way of recoveries from running bills as well as by way of withholds to enable the Petitioner to expeditiously take up the execution of balance works in the contract and complete the same before the onset of monsoon.

    g. Direct the Respondent No.1 to return the bank guarantees issued by Punjab National Bank, Sansad Marg branch to the Petitioner to enable the later to pursue their options against their consultant PNB.

    h. Interim and ad-interim reliefs in terms of prayers (a) to (f) above.

    i. Pass such other and further order(s) as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case."

2. The dispute emanates between the parties from a contract which was awarded to the petitioner in terms of a Letter of Acceptance dated 11 March 2020 for the following work:

    "Construction two-lane with hard shoulder of Changtongya-Longleng Road on EPC basis from existing Km 16.530 to Km 29.530 (Design Km. 18. 779 to Km. 33.428. Design length 14.649 Kms.) in the State of Nagaland (Pkg-2) under NH (O) Plan"

3. The aforesaid work was to be accomplished at a contract price of INR 128 crores. As would be evident from the reliefs prayed for in the present petition, interim measures and orders of injunction are sought in respect of a Termination Notice which came to be issued by the National Highways & Infrastructure Dev

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