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2024 Supreme(Del) 551

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Chandra Dhari Singh, J.
Ms. Rema Gupta - Appellant
Versus
Mahinder Lal - Respondent
C.R.P. 8 of 2021
Decided On : 12-03-2024

Advocates appeared:
Mr. Manish Vashisht, Senior Advocate with Mr. Vanshay Kaul, Mr. Vedansh Vashisht and Ms. Harshita Nathrani, Advocates, for the Petitioner.
Ms. Madhulika Sarin, Advocate, for the Respondent.

A power of attorney cannot confer title to property, and ownership must be established for granting partition or possession. Individuals may seek partition based on possessory rights, but a valid cause of action must be present.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 115 - Revision against dismissal of application under Order VII Rule 11 for rejection of plaint in partition suit - Court must first ascertain ownership in partition cases before granting possession - Power of attorney cannot confer title to property and must be executed as a deed of conveyance. (Paras 60, 64, 86)

(B) Cause of Action - For partition, plaintiff must demonstrate legal ownership or, at the very least, possessory rights - Even without formal ownership, individuals seeking partition may claim shares based on possessory rights - Clever drafting must not disguise the absence of a cause of action. (Paras 62, 84)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners are legal heirs of Late Sh. Ish Aneja, who are contesting a partition claim made by respondent who asserts ownership through a series of transactions involving power of attorney and agreements to sell, which were deemed legally ineffective.

Findings of Court:
The learned Trial Court erred in its failure to exercise jurisdiction correctly and dismissed the petitioners' application despite the plaint's failure to disclose a valid cause of action.

Issues: Whether the respondent had a valid legal title or ownership in the suit property to pursue a partition claim?

Ratio Decidendi: The court determined that a power of attorney does not transfer property ownership, and it is essential to establish legal title before granting possession in partition suits.

Result: Revision allowed; the impugned order is set aside, and the suit is dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual details of petitioners and respondents (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. ownership history and disputes over suit property (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. civil suit initiated by respondent for partition (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
4. arguments regarding rejection of plaint and ownership claim. (Para 11 , 19)
5. arguments raised by the petitioners against the dismissal of their application (Para 12 , 13)
6. legal standards for dismissal of plaint under order vii rule 11 (Para 15 , 16 , 17)
7. scope of section 115 of the cpc in revision petitions (Para 44 , 46 , 59)
8. discussion on requirements for cause of action in partition claims. (Para 52 , 63 , 72)
9. court's reasoning on the absence of a valid title to pursue a partition. (Para 58 , 66)
10. court's directive concerning jurisdiction and dismissal of suits (Para 60 , 61 , 62 , 70 , 84)
11. conclusion of the case and implications of the ruling (Para 86 , 87 , 88 , 89)

JUDGMENT

Chandra Dhari Singh, J.

1. The instant civil revision petition under Section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter "CPC") has been filed on behalf of the petitioners seeking the following reliefs:

    "(A) Pass appropriate order(s) or direction(s) thereby setting aside the order dated February 14, 2020 passed in Suit No. 610933 of 2016 titled as "Mahinder Lal V. Vidya Sagar & Ors." by Learned Additional District Judge - West Delhi, Tis Hazari Court, Delhi and thereby reject the Plaint filed by Respondent No. 1 in Suit no. 610933 of 2016;

    (B) Pass such other or further order(s) as it may deem fit and proper in the facts and circumstances of the present case and in the interest of justice."

FACTUAL HISTORY

2. The details of the parties in the instant dispute is as follows:

a. Ms. Rema Gupta, i.e., the petitioner no. 1 is stated to be the daughter of Late Sh. Ish Aneja (also mentioned as Late Sh. Ish Kumar at some places in the material on record).

b. Ms. Kusum Aneja, i.e., the petitioner no. 2 is stated to be the widow of Late Sh. Ish Aneja.

c. Sh. Aman Aneja, i.e., the petitioner no. 3 is stated to be the son of Late Sh. Ish Aneja.

d. Sh. Mahinder Lal, i.e., the respondent no. 1 is stated to be the son of Sh. Kundan Lal.

e. Late Sh. Vidya Sagar, i.e., the respondent no. 2 is stated to be the son of Late Sh. Devi Dayal Aneja through his legal heirs Smt. Savitri Aneja (widow), Sh. Ashish Aneja (son), Ms. Benu Kalhan (daughter), Ms. Renu Manchanda (daughter), pro forma respondent.

f. Sh. Prem Sagar, (pro forma respondent) the respondent no. 3 is stated to be the son of Late Sh. Devi Dayal Aneja.

g. Late Sh. Gian Sagar, i.e., the respondent no. 4 is stated to be the son of Late Sh. Devi Dayal Aneja through his legal heirs Ms. Titly Aneja (widow), Ms. Tia (daughter), Ms. Sheena (daughter), (pro forma respondent).

h. Ms. Krishna Kumari, (pro forma respondent), i.e., the respondent no. 5 is stated to be the daughter of Late Sh. Devi Dayal Aneja.

i. Late Ms. Saroj Kumari is stated to be the daughter of Late Sh. Devi Dayal Aneja, through her legal heirs Sh. Harish Dudeja (widower), Sh. Sunny Dudeja (son), Sh. Atul Dudeja (son) (pro forma respondent).

3. As per the plaint, a plot admeasuring 200 sq.yards, bearing no. B-11, Tagore Market, Kirti Nagar, New Delhi (hereinafter "suit property"), was purchased jointly by Sh. Ish Aneja (since deceased) and Sh. Devi Dayal (since deceased), from the rehabilitation housing corporation.

4. Thereafter, Late Sh. Ish Aneja and Late Sh. Devi Dayal constructed a building jointly upon the above said land. Late Sh. Ish Aneja then moved to the United States of America and appointed Sh. Kanwal Nain as his attorney in respect of his undivided half share in the suit property vide a general power of attorney dated 24th July, 1971.

5. In the year 1999, Sh. Kanwal Nain sold the aforesaid half share of suit property to one Sh. Rajender Walia for a total sale consideration of Rs. 1.25 Lakhs on 1st March, 1999 and executed an agreement to sell, a will, a receipt and a general power of attorney as well as a spe

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