JUDGMENT

Prathiba M. Singh, J. The present three cases raise important issues relating to international adoption of Indian children. In all three cases, the children, as also their biological parents are in India but the adoptive parents are mostly settled abroad. The adoptions have been carried out under the provisions of the Hindu Adoptions & Maintenance Act, 1956 (`HAMA'). However, there are challenges being faced in the movement of the child abroad, including in obtaining passports and visas for the adopted children. Hence these writ petitions.

Brief facts in W.P.(C) 10064/2019

2. W.P.(C) 10064/2019 has been filed on behalf of H.A. i.e., the adopted child, by her adoptive parents, who are U.S. citizens and OCI cardholders. H.A. was born on 22nd May, 2018 to A and R.K., who are family friends of the adoptive parents. On 27th June, 2008, an adoption deed was executed by the adoptive parents at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. The child is with the adoptive parents since birth and they have been taking care of the child's requirements, including vaccination etc. The adoptive mother is still living in Aligarh, U.P, India to take care of the child since the No Objection Certificate (herein