IN THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT AT GUWAHATI (THE HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH) PRINCIPAL SEAT AT GUWAHATI
SUSMITA PHUKAN KHAUND, J.
Ahmed Hussain Laskar, Son of Late Taimus Ali Laskar – Appellant
Versus
State of Assam – Respondent
Criminal Petition No.1211 of 2023
Decided on : 11-01-2024
Section 482 - Quashing of Order - Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 145/146(1) - Summary Attachment of Land - [145, 146(1)] - The court quashed the impugned judgment and order setting aside the order of attachment under Section 146(1) CrPC, emphasizing that the parties are at liberty to contest the proceeding and file written statements.
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner filed an application under Section 145/146(1) of the CrPC, alleging that the respondent tried to encroach upon the land, leading to an order of attachment under Section 146(1) CrPC. The respondent preferred a revision, which set aside the attachment order, leading to the current challenge before the court.
Finding of the Court:
The court quashed the impugned judgment and order, emphasizing that the parties are at liberty to contest the proceeding and file written statements.
Issues: Quashing of order under Section 146(1) CrPC, Revisional jurisdiction
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that the order under Section 146(1) CrPC is discretionary and can be revoked at any time, and that it is an interlocutory order not amenable to revisional jurisdiction.
Final Decision: The court quashed the impugned judgment and order, allowing the parties to contest the proceeding and file written statements.
JUDGMENT :
Heard Mr M.H. Laskar, learned counsel for the petitioner, Ahmed Hussain Laskar.
2. The petitioner has filed this application under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC, for short), read with Article 227 of the Constitution of India, seeking quashing of the impugned order dated 26.09.2023, passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge (FTC), Cachar, Silchar, in connection with Criminal Revision No. 106 of 2022.
3. The respondent No. 2 failed to appear on successive consecutive dates.
4. The respondent No. 1 is represented by the learned Additional Public Prosecutor, Mr M P Goswami.
5. The genesis of the case was that the petitioner has filed an application under Section 145/146(1) of the CrPC, before the Court of learned Additional District Magistrate, Cachar, Silchar (ADM, for short), alleging inter alia, that the petitioner inherited the parcel of land mentioned in the schedule of the petition (DL, for short) and was in peaceful possession of the said land. The respondent No. 2, without any possessory rights tried to encroach over the DL. On 19.08.2022, at about 10/10:30 AM, the respondent No. 2, along with other miscreants, armed with deadly weapons tried to encroach over the DL and collected bricks, sand, stones for construction of a PMAY house, allotted by the Government to the respondent No. 2’s husband. When the petitioner along with his brother tried to resist, the respondent No. 2 and the other miscreants verbally abused and threatened them with dire consequences. Apprehending breach of peace and public tranquility, a petition under Section 145/146(1) CrPC was filed before the learned ADM, Cachar, Silchar and Case No. 679M of 2022 was registered and vide order dated 14.09.2022, passed by the learned ADM, the DL was attached under Section 146(1) of the CrPC, restraining both the parties from entering into the DL, until further order(s). The order dated 14.09.2022 is reflected hereinbelow verbatim-
14/09/2022-
Case record is received and transfer in my file. Perused the Complt. Petition supported with affidavits along with Police report Xerox copy of documents filed by Md. Ahmed Hussain Laskar,S/O Lt. Taimuz Laskar of Neirgram Pt-II, PS Silchar, Dt-Cachar, Assam against 1. Roushnara Begum Laskar, W/O Momiz Uddin Laskar of Neirgram Pt-II, PS Silchar, Dt-Cachar, Assam.
Heard the Id. lawyer for the 1" party petitioners at length.
On perusal of police report and on hearing the submission made by the Id. lawyer for the 1st party, I am of the opinion that the dispute between the land of both parties in respect of possession of the D/L which may lead to serious apprehension of breach of peace and public tranquility in the locality.
Therefore, I am satisfied to draw up a proceeding u/s 145 Cr.P.C. and ask both the parties to file W/S in respect of claims over the D/L on the next date fixed which is also fixed for hearing.
Further, to contain any immediate threat to public peace and tranquility, I do hereby attach the D/L U/S 146(1) Cr.P.C. and restrain both the parties from entering into the D/L until further orders. Considering the emergent situation this order is passed ex-parte.
Ask local police to execute the order and maintain peace in the locality. Date fixed:13/10/2022 for W/s by both parties.
6. Aggrieved by the order, the respondent No. 2 preferred a revision, which was registered as Criminal Revision No. 106 of 2023 and vide order dated 26.09.2023, the learned Additional Sessions Judge (FTC) was pleased to set aside the order of attachment under Section 146 (1) CrPC, observing that the learned ADM shall continue with the proceeding and was at liberty to pass any order as per law based on the materials available before it, including attachment of the DL based on fresh Police report, if considered necessary..
7. This order is under challenge before this Court.
8. The petitioner is speculating that there will be breach of peace and public tranquility and the respondent No. 2 may not hesitate from
Indrapuri Primary Cooperative –Vs- Sri Bhabani Gogoi; reported in 1991 CrLJ 1765
Siddique Ali –Vs- Md. Ali; reported in 1993 2 Crimes(HC) 426
AI
The discretionary nature of orders under Section 146(1) CrPC and their classification as interlocutory orders not amenable to revisional jurisdiction.
The court emphasized that attachment orders under emergency provisions must be backed by compelling evidence of imminent danger to public peace, otherwise it constitutes a misuse of legal process.
Point of Law : Section 145 of Code concerned with restoration of possession and prevention of breach of peace and tranquillity.
An order of attachment under Section 146(1) Cr.PC requires proof of likelihood of breach of peace and determination of possession, which was not established in this case.
Criminal courts should not intervene in property disputes already subject to civil litigation unless there is an imminent threat to public peace.
The Executive Magistrate must determine actual possession and cannot adjudicate rights; attachment of property requires emergent circumstances and imminent danger of breach of peace.
The judgment establishes the importance of adhering to the procedural requirements of Sections 145(1) and 146(1) of the Cr.P.C., emphasizing the need for separate orders and the Executive Magistrate'....
Magistrate must pass reasoned order under CrPC Section 145 considering parties' evidence before withdrawing land attachment; unreasoned order set aside on revision with remand for fresh findings.
Property which in joint possession is outside ambit of Section 145 Cr.P.C. Magistrate cannot decide question of joint possession.
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