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2024 Supreme(Gau) 311

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GAUHATI, ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH, (ITANAGAR BENCH)
N. UNNI KRISHNAN NAIR, J.
Jilpa Nima Dulom, Wife of Karjum Nima Dulom and Anr. – Petitioners
Versus
The State of A.P., represented by the P.P. of A.P. – Respondent
Crl.Petn. No.23 Of 2024
Decided On : 23-02-2024

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioners: Vijay Jamoh.

Headnote:

Section 482 of the Cr.P.C. - Quashing of Criminal Proceedings - [MATRIMONIAL DISPUTE] - [Sections 498(A)/323 of the IPC] - The court discussed the power of the court to quash criminal proceedings involving non-compoundable offences in view of the compromise arrived at between parties. The court referred to the cases of B.S. Joshi v. State of Haryana & Another and Gian Singh v. State of Punjab and Anr. to establish that the High Court can quash criminal proceedings if it is satisfied that on the face of such settlement, there is hardly any likelihood of the offender being convicted and by not quashing the criminal proceedings, justice shall be casualty and ends of justice shall be defeated. The court concluded that the offences which are non-compoundable cannot be compounded by a criminal Court, but the limited jurisdiction to compound an offence within the framework of Section 320 Cr.P.C. is not an embargo against invoking inherent powers by the High Court vested in it under Section 482 Cr.P.C. The court, keeping in view of the particular facts and circumstances of the case and for justifiable reasons, can invoke the provisions of Section 482 Cr.P.C. in aid to prevent abuse of the process of any Court and/or to secure the ends of justice. The court, therefore, having regard to the nature of the offence and the fact that the parties have amicably settled their dispute and the victim has willingly consented to the nullification of criminal proceedings, can quash such proceedings in exercise of its power under Section 482 Cr.P.C., even if the offences are non-compoundable.

Fact of the Case:

The petitioner no. 1 lodged an FIR against the petitioner no. 2 alleging assault and abuse. The petitioners reconciled and entered into a mutual deed of agreement, resolving not to pursue the criminal proceeding. They jointly sought the quashing of the criminal proceeding pending against the petitioner no. 2.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the nature of the offence and the reconciliation between the parties warranted the quashing of the criminal proceedings. It concluded that the offences, being of a private nature, could be annulled irrespective of the stage the criminal proceedings were at.

Issues: The issue was whether the court had the power to quash criminal proceedings involving non-compoundable offences in view of the compromise arrived at between parties.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the High Court can quash criminal proceedings if it is satisfied that on the face of such settlement, there is hardly any likelihood of the offender being convicted and by not quashing the criminal proceedings, justice shall be casualty and ends of justice shall be defeated. The court also emphasized that the limited jurisdiction to compound an offence within the framework of Section 320 Cr.P.C. is not an embargo against invoking inherent powers by the High Court vested in it under Section 482 Cr.P.C.

Final Decision: The court, in exercise of the powers conferred under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C., quashed the criminal proceedings pending against the petitioner no. 2, along with the FIR and charge-sheet.

JUDGMENT :

Heard Mr. V. Jamoh, learned counsel for the petitioners. Also heard Ms. L. Hage, learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the State.

2. The petitioners, who are the husband and wife, have jointly instituted the present proceedings praying for quashing of the FIR, dated 25.07.2021 lodged by the petitioner no. 1 (wife) against the petitioner no. 2 (husband), leading to registration of Itanagar Women Police Station Case No. 98/2021, under Sections 498(A)/323 of the IPC and the corresponding G.R. Case No. 668/2021 presently pending before the Court of learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Capital Complex, at Yupia.

3. The petitioner no. 1 had lodged an First Information Report (FIR) on 25.07.2021 against the petitioner no. 2 alleging therein that she was beaten up and abused on the said day at around 5:00 am at public place by the petitioner no.2. On receipt of the said FIR, a case being Itanagar Women Police Station Case No. 98/2021, under Sections 498(A)/323 of the IPC came to be lodged. The police on conclusion of the investigation submitted a Charge-sheet being Charge-sheet No. 177/2021 under G.R. Case No. 668/2021, under Sections 498(A)/323 of the IPC.

4. The case is now pending before the Court of learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Capital Complex, Yupia and charges are yet to be framed in the matter.

5. The facts leading to the lodging of the said FIR dated 25.07.2021 by the petitioner no. 1 was that on 24.07.2021, the petitioner no. 2 had stayed awake all night to mourn the death of the owner of the premises wherein they were staying as tenants and had consumed alcohol and got drunk. Thereafter, on reaching home in the earlier hours of 25.07.2021, the petitioner no. 2 wanted to make love to the petitioner no. 1, who denied such approach, being pregnant in 1st trimester. On such refusal, the petitioner no. 2 has assaulted the petitioner no. 1 and thereafter went and slept in a different room. The petitioner no. 1 as projected in the criminal petition, in the heat of the moment and on being so instigated by her elder cousin sister, lodged the said FIR on 27.01.2021 before the Banderdewa Police Station, which was forwarded to the Itanagar Women Police Station being a case involving crime against women and accordingly, Itanagar Women Police Station Case No. 98/2021, under Sections 498(A)/323 of the IPC came to be registered.

6. It is stated that the petitioners even after the lodging of the said FIR dated 25.07.2021 by the petitioner no. 1, had not separated, but were living together as husband and wife and their relationship had become more stronger after the birth of their second child. It is stated that the matter was amicably settled between them and the petitioner no. 1 is not willing to pursue the criminal proceeding instituted by her which was so instituted without knowing the future legal consequences of the same.

7. The petitioners having resolved their differences have entered into a mutual deed of agreement on 21.02.2024 and therein, have resolved that the criminal proceeding pending against the petitioner no. 2 shall not be pursued by the petitioner no. 1.

8. The Sections involved being not compoundable under Section 320 of the Cr.P.C., the petitioners have jointly instituted the present proceedings praying for quashing of the criminal proceeding now pending against the petitioner no. 2.

9. Mr. V. Jamoh, learned counsel for the petitioners by reiterating the facts as narrated herein above had submitted that the institution of the FIR dated 25.07.2021 was an action taken by the petitioner no. 1 in the heat of the moment and also upon instigation by her cousin sister without understanding the future legal consequences in the matter. It was contended that the deed of mutual agreement by and between the parties on 21.02.2024 was with the view to reduce into writing, the reconciliation already arrived at, between the parties and the same was signed voluntarily by the parties without any undue influence and in sound st

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