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2026 Supreme(Gau) 891

THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH, KOHIMA BENCH
KALYAN RAI SURANA, PRANJAL DAS, JJ.
Abul Kasem S/O Late Habib Ullah - Appellant
Versus
The State Of Nagaland And Anr. - Respondent
CRAPL No.1 of 2024
Decided On : 20-05-2026

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. Z. Khalid
For the Respondent: Ms. S. Mere, P.P., Mr. Toshi O. Longkumer

Testimony of a child victim, if found consistent and credible, outweighs contradictory medical evidence even in the absence of physical injury. A reasonable explanation for the delay in filing a complaint renders such delay non-fatal to the prosecution's case.

Headnote:(A) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences, 2012 - Section 8 - Indian Penal Code - Sections 354, 377, 506 - Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 374(2) - Conviction for sexual assault of minor - Appeal against conviction. (Paras 2, 3)

(B) Evidence - Child witness - Consistency in testimony - Testimony of a child victim, if found credible and trustworthy, requires no formal corroboration but gain strength from corroborative evidence of witnesses. (Para 29, 52)

(C) Evidence - Medical evidence versus Ocular evidence - Reliance on medical findings - Where ocular evidence is consistent and cogent, it prevails over medical opinion that may suggest lack of injuries or absence of forensic proof of rape. (Para 44, 45)

(D) Delay in reporting - Sexual offences - Delay in filing prosecution case must be viewed in the context of the nature of the offence - If delay is adequately explained, it does not damage the prosecution case. (Para 32, 33)

Facts of the case:
An appeal was preferred against a trial court judgment convicting the appellant for sexual assault upon a seven-year-old minor. The prosecution case alleged that the accused led the victim to his residence and committed sexual assault. The incident was reported fifteen days later at the village council level. The defense contended that there were discrepancies in victim testimony, an unexplained delay in filing the complaint, and a lack of medical injury supporting the allegation.

Findings of Court:
The court held that the conviction was well-founded. The victim's testimony remained consistent regarding the identity of the accused and the sequence of events. While the medical evidence did not explicitly confirm physical injury indicative of rape, the court emphasized that consistent ocular evidence is sufficient to secure a conviction. The delay in reporting was sufficiently explained by the child having been threatened by the accused.

Issues: The main issues were the credibility of the child victim's uncorroborated testimony, the impact of the delay in lodging the complaint, and whether medical evidence indicating the absence of physical injury warrants an acquittal.

Ratio Decidendi: Consistent and cogent testimony of a child witness suffices to prove guilt and override medical reports lacking evidence of injury, as medical analysis is secondary to the legal conclusion of a witnessed act. Furthermore, delays in criminal reporting for sexual offences are not fatal if justified by circumstances like fear or intimidation.

Result: Appeal dismissed; judgment and order confirmed.

Table of Content
1. factual background and procedural trial history of the criminal case. (Para 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. contentions of parties regarding evidence, witness credibility, and delay in fir. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
3. summary of prosecution evidence and witness depositions. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27)
4. principles regarding testimony assessment and valid explanations for delay in complaints. (Para 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33)
5. evidentiary corroboration required in sexual offence cases involving child victims. (Para 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40)
6. precedence of ocular evidence over medical evidence in sexual assault prosecutions. (Para 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51)
7. assessment of culpability, sentencing, and concurrence of sentences in pocso crimes. (Para 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57)
8. final appellate judgment confirming conviction with modification of sentence. (Para 58 , 59 , 60 , 61)

JUDGMENT & ORDER :

(Pranjal Das, J.)

Heard Mr. Z. Khalid, learned counsel for the appellant. Also heard Ms. S. Mere, learned Public Prosecutor and Mr. Toshi O.Longkumer, learned counsel for the Informant/respondent No. 2.

2. The convict/appellant, Abul Kasem invoking the provisions of Section 374(2) of the Cr.P.C, 1973 has preferred this appeal against the judgment and order dated 16/03/2023 passed by the learned Special Judge (POCSO) Dimapur, Nagaland arising out Dimapur Women P.S Case No. 003/2022 in Fast Track Special Court Case No.003/2022.

3. By the impugned judgment and order, the appellant was convicted under Section 8 of the POCSO Act 2012 read with Section 354/377/506 IPC. For his conviction under Section 8 , he was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 3 years and pay a fine of Rs. 2000/- (Rupees Two thousand), in default, undergo R.I for 1 year. For his conviction under , he was sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for 1 year and fine of Rs.1000/- (in default R.I for 6 months). Similarly, for his conviction under section 377 , he was imposed with rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine of Rs. 5000/- (in default R.I. for 1 year). For his conviction under Section 506 he was sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for 1 year and fine of Rs. 500/- (in default undergo S.I. for 2 months). It was directed that the sentences shall run concurrently, except the punishment and sentence under ; he was also given the benefit of set-off under Section 428 Cr.P.C.

4. Aggrieved by the said conviction and sentences, the convict/appellant is before this court with this appeal.

5. The prosecution case before the learned Trial Court was that on 06/03/2022 an FIR was lodged before the Niuland Police Station Dimapur by the Vice-Chairman, Luzheto Village Council, Dimapur with the allegations that on 20/02/2022, the accused Abul Kasem seduced and led a minor 7 year old girl to his residence and committed rape upon her and that it was also witnessed by two witnesses namely, Hurmuz Ali and Muslim Pastor M.D. Kotamiya Ali. It was alleged that the witnesses saw the accused holding the hand of the minor girl leading her to his room and later heard the minor girl screaming. It is alleged that the incident came to light only after 15 days when the said Muslim pastor confronted the victim's mother and upon questioning the minor girl, details of the incident was revealed leading the Village Council to summon the accused and forward the case to the police.

6. On the basis of the aforesaid allegations in the FIR, Dimapur Women Police Station Case No. 003/2022 was registered under section 354/376 AB/377 IPC read with section 6(1) of the POCSO Act and investigation started. After completion of investigation, the case was charged-sheet against the appellant under section 354/376 AB/377/506 read with section 6(1) of the . The charge- sheet was filed vide Charge-Sheet No. 5 of 2022 dated 11/04/2022.

7. Subsequently after completion of the usual formalities, the learned Trial Court wa

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