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2023 Supreme(Raj) 1441

RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT BENCH AT JAIPUR
Farjand Ali, J.
State of Rajasthan & Ors. - Appellants
Versus
Ram Sharan Singh & Ors. - Respondents
S.B. Criminal Revision Petition No. 113, 131 and 114 of 2022
Decided On : 17-01-2023

Advocates appeared:
Major R.P. Singh, Sr. Advocate, AAG, with Mr. Jaivardhan Singh Shekhawat, Advocate, Mr. Aditya Singh, Advocate, Mr. Chandra Vikram Singh, Advocate, Mr. Ghanshyam Singh Rathore, GAcum-AAG, with Mr. Mangal Singh Saini, P.P., Mr. S.S. Hora, Advocate, Mr. Pankaj Gupta, Advocate with Mr. Naman Yadav, Advocate, Mr. Hemang Singh, Advocate, Mr. Saurabh Yadav, Advocate, Mr. Saransh Saini, Advocate with Mr. Vinod Sharma, Advocate, for the Appellant; Mr. Anil Chaudhary, Advocate, for the Respondent.

Headnote:(A) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Sections 321, 397, and 401 - Prevention of Corruption Act - Withdrawal from prosecution - Public prosecutor sought to withdraw prosecution against bureaucrats, which was initially rejected by the trial court - Applicable legal principles emphasize the public prosecutor's role and the necessity for court consent - The learned trial judge's rejection was found to lack an application of mind regarding evidentiary sufficiency and public interest considerations - The state-level committee concluded no offence was made out against the accused - Importance of safeguarding bureaucratic functions underscored. (Paras 1-4, 10, 17, 20, 55)

Facts of the case:
The case involved allegations against public officials concerning the issuance of a patta for private land, which the Public Prosecutor attempted to withdraw citing lack of evidence and public interest.

Findings of Court:
The decision to quash the previous ruling and to consent to the withdrawal of prosecution was based on a comprehensive review of the facts, asserting the lack of justification for continued prosecution due to insufficient evidence.

Issues: The main issues revolved around the trial court's decision to deny withdrawal and whether the prosecution against the accused was warranted under existing evidence.

Ratio Decidendi: The court affirmed the role of the public prosecutor in seeking withdrawal from prosecution, emphasizing the need for clear, justifiable grounds based on public interest and the futility of continued litigation in the absence of credible evidence.

Result: Criminal Revision Petition allowed; prosecution quashed.

Table of Content
1. overview of criminal revision petitions. (Para 1 , 2)
2. summary of state withdrawal of prosecution. (Para 3 , 4)
3. arguments supporting prosecution withdrawal. (Para 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
4. court observation on legal principles. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
5. importance of protecting bureaucratic decisions. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
6. legal grounds for withdrawal under section 321. (Para 16 , 17)
7. court consent principle. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
8. caution in corruption prosecution. (Para 21 , 22)
9. role of the public prosecutor. (Para 23 , 24)
10. submission supporting withdrawal. (Para 25 , 26)
11. judicial principles on prosecution withdrawal. (Para 27 , 28 , 29)
12. implied conditions for trial continuation. (Para 30 , 31 , 32)
13. hypothetical nature of trial evidence. (Para 33 , 34 , 35)
14. analysis of state committee findings. (Para 36 , 37 , 38)
15. committee's view on withdrawal. (Para 39 , 40)
16. lack of prosecution intention. (Para 41 , 42 , 43)
17. senior executive liability discussion. (Para 44 , 45)
18. arguments against trial continuation. (Para 46 , 47 , 48 , 49)
19. assessment of prosecutorial decision. (Para 50 , 51 , 52)
20. final decision justification. (Para 53 , 54)
21. court’s consent to withdraw prosecution. (Para 55 , 56 , 57)

JUDGMENT

1. The present criminal revision petitions have been filed by the petitioner-state and the accused-petitioners under Section 397 r/w Section 401 Cr.P.C. challenging the correctness, legality or propriety of the order dated 26.11.2021 passed by the learned Special Judge, Prevention of Corruption Act Cases, No.4, Jaipur Metro in Criminal Regular Case No. 01/2021 whereby the application moved by the public prosecutor for withdrawal of prosecution against the respondents No. 2 to 4 under Section 321 CrPC was rejected.

2. The brief facts of the case are that the complainant- Ram Sharan Singh filed a complaint regarding private agricultural land and a Preliminary Enquiry No. PE-15/2014 was registered by the ACB on 26.03.2014. Then, an FIR bearing No. 422/2014 came to be filed at the Anti-Corruption Bureau, Rajasthan, Jaipur under Sections 109 , 420, 457, 471 and 120-B of IPC and section 13(1) (d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act. A charge sheet was eventually filed on 26.11.2015 in the case against the accused Nishkam Diwakar and against one Shailendra Garg while investigation was ongoing under Section 173(8) of the CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE against G.S. Sandhu, Omkar Mal Saini and three other individuals. A supplementary charge sheet was submitted on 08.05.2016 stating that while the investigation against accused Shanti Dhariwal and N.L. Meena is still underway under Section 173(8) of the CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE , offences were made out against accused G.S. Sandhu and Omkar Mal Saini and two other individuals named Vijay Mehta and Anil Kumar Agarwal. Thereafter, co-accused N.L. Meena and Shanti Dhariwal were the subject of a second supplementary report which was submitted on 12.06.2019 which was followed by a closure report filed against them while the investigation was kept pending against co-accused Lalit Panwar. The accused G.S. Sandhu and Nishkam Diwakar made a representation to the State stating that prosecution against them should be dropped under Section 321 CrPC in view of the subsequent and final conclusions reached by the Investigating Agency. The representation was examined by the UDH department and the department recorded the following findings on 19.08.2019:

    i) The allotment letter was in favour of Ganpati Construction it was eligible for membership of the society even in accordance with the Rajasthan Cooperative Societies Act.

    ii) The land was mutated in favour of JDA under Section 90 B (1) of the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956, therefore, there was no other option left with the JDA but to regularise/allot the land in the person interested because as per the prevailing rule, the land cannot be used for Government or any other purpose.

    iii) Neither the state government nor the

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